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Enhanced hydrogen production by green alga Scenedesmus obliquus TISTR 8546 under atmospheric air through potassium deprivation and cysteine supplementation
(2026-03-01)
Sereetrakul, Kodchaporn
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Taikhao, Samart
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Chinchusak, Nattanon
;
Phunpruch, Saranya
Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy carrier that can be produced by green microalgae. However, the key enzyme catalyzing this process, [FeFe]‑hydrogenase, is highly sensitive to O<inf>2</inf> generated during photosynthesis, which severely restricts its activity. This study aimed to screen the microalgal strain capable of producing high levels of H<inf>2</inf> in the presence of O<inf>2</inf> and to enhance H<inf>2</inf> production yields using O<inf>2</inf>-scavenging strategies to levels comparable to or exceeding those achieved under anaerobic conditions. Among the 24 strains tested, Scenedesmus obliquus TISTR 8546 demonstrated the highest H<inf>2</inf> production under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The O<inf>2</inf>I<inf>50</inf> of S. obliquus TISTR 8546 cells for H<inf>2</inf> evolution was 15.93 ± 0.24%. Potassium deprivation significantly enhanced H<inf>2</inf> production and hydrogenase activity by lowering O<inf>2</inf> levels through reduced photosynthetic O<inf>2</inf> evolution and increased dark respiration. Moreover, potassium deprivation promoted intracellular starch accumulation, providing reducing equivalents for H<inf>2</inf> generation. Cysteine supplementation further stimulated H<inf>2</inf> production by serving as a reducing agent. S. obliquus TISTR 8546 exhibited a maximum H<inf>2</inf> production rate of 22.92 ± 1.05 μmol H<inf>2</inf> mg Chl−1 h−1 and achieved a maximum cumulative H<inf>2</inf> production of 1153.78 ± 52.65 μmol H<inf>2</inf> mg Chl−1 when incubated in potassium-deprived TAP medium supplemented with 0.1 mM cysteine under atmospheric air for 6 days. This rate was 23.6- and 2.7-fold higher than those obtained in TAP and TAP-K media, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of S. obliquus TISTR 8546 as a robust microalgal strain for sustainable H<inf>2</inf> production under atmospheric air, highlighting its promise for future industrial applications.
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Biomass Production of Chlorella vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261 During Cultivation in Modified Food Industry Wastewater
(2025-12-01)
Taikhao, Samart
;
Phunpruch, Saranya
Industrial wastewater can serve as a low-cost nutritional source for sustainable microalgal biomass production. This study investigated the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261 grown in untreated wastewater collected from four food industry factories in Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. Among them, wastewater from a processed food production plant (PFPP) supported the highest algal growth. Supplementation with 17.4 mM sodium acetate significantly improved algal biomass yield. Further optimization with 3.7 mM NH<inf>4</inf>Cl, 1.0 mM KH<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>, 0.2 mM MgSO<inf>4</inf>, and a moderate concentration of trace minerals enhanced the specific growth rate and chlorophyll concentration. Scaled-up cultivation in 3.5 L culture bottles in optimized PFPP yielded a maximum biomass yield of 8.436 ± 0.378 g L−1, comparable to 6.498 ± 0.436 g L−1 in standard TAP medium. Biomass composition analysis after 15 days of cultivation revealed 42.70 ± 1.40% protein, 17.10 ± 1.60% carbohydrate, and 1.90 ± 0.10% lipid on a dry weight basis. These findings demonstrate that optimized PFPP wastewater can effectively support high-density cultivation of C. vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261, yielding nutritionally rich biomass, and offering a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for industrial-scale microalgal production.
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Biomass and biohydrogen production by unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261 using frozen food industrial wastewater
(2022-01-01)
Taikhao, Samart
;
Phunpruch, Saranya
Biohydrogen production by green algal biomass is promising method for sustainable H<inf>2</inf> production and bioenergy recovery. In this approach, green algae convert organic and inorganic substances (used as the sole source of carbon and electrons) in wastewater into H<inf>2</inf>. In this study, biomass and H<inf>2</inf> production from the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261, cultivated in frozen food industrial wastewater, was investigated. The results revealed that growth rate of algal cells cultivated in treated wastewater was significantly higher than that in untreated wastewater but lower than that in the synthetic control Tris acetate phosphate (TAP) medium. In addition, the cells grown in treated wastewater exhibited a high ability to remove nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and sulfate from the water. Furthermore, algal cells were cultured with various concentrations of sodium acetate (0-17.4 mM); the optical density of the cultures at 750 nm increased with increase in acetate concentration. Cell growth in treated wastewater supplemented with 17.4 mM sodium acetate was similar to that in TAP medium. The highest H<inf>2</inf> production of 12.87 ± 0.58 µmolH<inf>2</inf> mg Chl a-1 was observed in cells incubated in treated wastewater supplemented with 17.4 mM sodium acetate; this yield was higher than that obtained from cells incubated in nitrogen-free TAP medium. The results of this study support the potential use of wastewater for biomass and biohydrogen production by C. vulgaris var. vulgaris TISTR 8261.

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