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Author: search.filters.author.Tanachaichoksirikun, PinitSubject: search.filters.subject.Groundwater resource

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    Distributions of groundwater age under climate change of thailand’s lower chao phraya basin
    (2020-12-01)
    Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
    ;
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    Groundwater is important for daily life, because it is the largest freshwater source for domestic use and industrial consumption. Sustainable groundwater depends on many parameters: climate change is one factor, which leads to floods and droughts. Distribution of groundwater age indicates groundwater velocity, recharge rate and risk assessment. We developed transient 3D mathematical models, i.e., MODFLOW and MODPATH, to measure the distributions of groundwater age, impacted by climate change (IPSL-CM5A-MR), based on representative concentration pathways, defined in terms of atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentration, e.g., 2.6 to 8.5, for the periods 2020 to 2099. The distributions of groundwater age varied from 100 to 100,000 years, with the mean groundwater age ~11,000 years, generated by climate led change in recharge to and pumping from the groundwater. Interestingly, under increasing recharge scenarios, the mean age, in the groundwater age distribution, decreased slightly in the shallow aquifers, but increased in deep aquifers, indicating that the new water was in shallow aquifers. On the other hand, under decreasing recharge scenarios, groundwater age increased significantly, both shallow and deep aquifers, because the decrease in recharge caused longer residence times and lower velocity flows. However, the overall mean groundwater age gradually increased, because the groundwater mixed in both shallow and deep aquifers. Decreased recharge, in simulation, led to increased groundwater age; thus groundwater may become a nonrenewable groundwater. Nonrenewable groundwater should be carefully managed, because, if old groundwater is pumped, it cannot be restored, with a detriment to human life.
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    GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY OF THAILAND’S LOWER CHAO PHRAYA BASIN
    (2020-01-01)
    Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
    ;
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    Since global warming effects water resources, especially, surface water sources, groundwater is an essential water source, when facing the critical drought. Groundwater is less sensitive than surface water because groundwater response is delayed. However, groundwater may face critical drought and shortage. Groundwater vulnerability is a tool to identify critical areas for maintaining water quantity and quality. The Fuzzy-Catastrophe-based DRASTIC model, drought persistence and several climate scenarios were combined to estimate the vulnerability on the confined aquifers of Thailand’s Lower Chao Phraya (LCP) basin. Thus, critical areas that may face groundwater shortage were identified. Our analysis predicted that most of the basin would have few effects on climate change. However, vulnerability maps showed that 5% of the basin may be critical areas that may show groundwater shortage, especially, drought persistent areas with low rainfall. Generated maps identify ‘hotspots’ and can help decisions on groundwater development and economic growth and aid planning policy.