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A Review of the Parameters Related to the Rubber Sheets Production: Major Constituents of Rubber Latex, Rubber Particles, Particle Interaction of Rubber Latex, Rubber Porous Structure, Rubber Drying Kinetics and Energy Consumption
(2023-01-01)
Eakvanich, Visit
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Kalasee, Wachara
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Dangwilailux, Panya
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Wattana, Wassachol
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Taweekun, Juntakan
Natural rubber (NR) is obtained principally from Para-rubber trees of the species Hevea brasiliensis which grow in tropical regions. Using ultra-centrifugation method, fresh latex (FL) from Para-rubber trees can be mainly divided into four fractions; an upper white layer consists of rubber particles, Frey-Wyssling particles in a yellow or an orange layer, C-serum phase and lutiods particles in the bottom fraction [1-3]. The averages of rubber particles have diameters of 0.02 to 3.0 micron, and they are protected by a complex film containing lipids and proteins [4-8]. The main forces of attraction between neighboring rubber particles in latex system can be divided into five force types; Structural Forces (SF), Van der Waals Interaction (VWI), Electrostatic Force (EF), Exclusion Interaction (EI) and Polymer-Polymer Interaction (PPI) [9]. The porous model of rubber structure used to describe moisture transfer was based on the existence of two different regions referred to as non-hygroscopic region and hygroscopic region. The rubber products drying always produced a considerable shrinkage effect which considered in the physical of the product, such as the diffusion coefficient, mass and heat transfer. An initial moisture content of raw material, the experimental temperature and the drying equipment had affect to the EMC isotherms and the drying kinetics. Finally, discussions on the implications of the results for strategies to reduce the energy consumption in RSS and STR20 block rubber are also presented.
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Performance Improvement of The Radiant Cooling Panel Using PressureVacuum Swing Adsorption with A Solid Desiccant Dehumidification
(2022-01-01)
Eakvanich, Visit
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Dangwilailux, Panya
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Taweekun, Juntakan
A growing environmental Impact of global warming and rapidly increasing cost of the electrical energy cause researchers in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to develop the sustainable cooling technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate and design a radiant cooling panel with solid desiccant dehumidifier which was suitable for tropical climate to achieve thermal comfort. The influence of an interior ventilation fan to thermal comfort assessment was also examined. The designed system with CFD (Computation fluid dynamics) simulation used ANSYS software to compare with the measured data. The total area of the ceiling and wall radiant cooling panels were 16.83 m2 and 16.32 m2 with 26.28 L/min of supplied water by the cooling tower. The solid desiccant dehumidifier was the pressure-vacuum swing adsorption technology with containing 20 kg of silica-gel. The flow rate of supply air was approximately 90 kg/h. The results indicated that the PMV (Predicted mean voted) could be improving with the uses of cooling panel with dehumidifier during the day. The lower temperature and humidity ratio can improve thermal comfort. The patterns of temperature, the relative humidity and the PMV from CFD simulation were in the same agreement with the experimental results. In the case of the ventilation fan installed in the radiant cooling panel with dehumidifier, the average value of predicted mean vote was -0.2. Consequently, the PPD (Predicted percentage dissatisfied) was reduced to 6.2%. The daily electric power consumption was 5.94 kWh which was lower than the conventional air conditioning system about 16.27%.
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Performance Improvement of The Domestic Refrigerator Using Phase Change Materials
(2022-01-01)
Eakvanich, Visit
;
Wattana, Wassachol
;
Taweekun, Juntakan
A growing environmental Impact of global warming and rapidly increasing cost of the electrical energy cause researchers in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to develop the sustainable cooling technologies. This study investigated the influence of latent heat storage materials on the power consumption and the temperature distribution of a commercial domestic refrigerator. The 2 kg PCMs (Phase change materials) slab of thickness 5 mm, which consisted of a 2:1 by weight mixture of refined paraffin wax and kerosene oil, were located on the back side of the roll-bond evaporator and the copper coated steel tubing coils of the hot-wall condenser, in order to improve the higher performance of refrigerator and to decrease the operating cycle time of the compressor. The experimental and CFD (Computation fluid dynamics) simulation results indicated that the refrigerator equipped with the PCMs storage unit showed a significant enhancement of the system performance and a reduction of the temperature fluctuations in the refrigerator compartment compared to a conventional system. In this investigation, the electric power consumption and the compressor on-time ratio were reduced by 15.69% and 12.13%, respectively. Moreover, the COP (Coefficient of performance) of the refrigeration system was increased by 9.53%.
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Wind energy analysis in the coastal region of bangladesh
(2021-09-01)
Islam, Khandaker Dahirul
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Theppaya, Thanansak
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Ali, Fida
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Waewsak, Jompob
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Suepa, Tanita
Diversifying the energy mix of Bangladesh is becoming indispensable not only to improve its energy security, but also for a more sustainable economic development. This study focused on mapping the wind potential of southern coastal areas of Bangladesh to estimate the wind energy potential, along with the reduction in carbon emissions due to wind energy. Analysis of the carbon footprint was based on the annual energy production (AEP) from the selected low-wind turbine generators (WTGs). The time series-measured and-predicted wind data were incorporated with the high-resolution mesoscale and microscale wind re-source mapping technique at 60, 80, and 100 m above ground level (AGL). Coupling mesoscale and microscale modeling provided reliable mapping results for the commercially exploitable wind resource and was verified by ground-based wind measurement. The results revealed that, among the selected areas, two sites named Charfashion and Monpura have a promising annual mean wind speed of 7.3 m/s at 100 m AGL for energy generation. Different WTGs with ranges of 1–3.3 MW were used to estimate the wind energy generation capacity at different sites in the study area. A WTG with a 1 MW wind energy generation capacity installed at 60 m AGL in the selected site has the potential to produce 2.79 GWh/year of clean energy, reducing 1781.689 tons of CO<inf>2</inf> per year, whereas a 3.3 MW WTG at 80 m AGL can produce 18.99 GWh/year of energy, reducing 12,098.54 tons of CO<inf>2</inf> per year, and a 1.6 MW WTG at 100 m AGL produces 11.04 GWh/year of energy, cutting 7035.028 tons of CO<inf>2</inf> per year. With its reliable scientific and time-tested wind energy estimation method, this research is very important for the development of wind energy in the southern coastal areas of Bangladesh to meet the increasing energy demands through initiating the development of renewable energy to improve the energy security and reduce the carbon emissions of the country.

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