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Author: search.filters.author.Thipmanee, K.Subject: search.filters.subject.Botanical insecticide

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    Insecticidal activities of long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit extracts against seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus, and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and their effects on seed germination
    (2022-12-01)
    Pumnuan, J.
    ;
    Namee, D.
    ;
    Sarapothong, K.
    ;
    Doungnapa, T.
    ;
    Phutphat, S.
    Bruchid beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis), and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) are important insect pests during the postharvest period. Botanical insecticide is an alternative solution for controlling these insects, and long pepper (Piper retrofractum) has been reported as having insecticidal potential against general insect pests. Film seed coatings with various concentrations of hexane extracts were made for mung bean (Vigna radiata) and corn (Zea mays) seeds. Insecticidal activities of these treatments were assessed at before and after storage period of six months, and seed germination was also evaluated. The hexane extract was subjected to analysis of the bioactive components by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results revealed that the hexane extract presented extreme toxicity to both bruchid beetles higher compared to maize weevil at 24 h with LC<inf>50</inf> values of 5.57–6.75 and 58.04 μg⋅cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Bruchid beetles presented significant response to ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts, whereas maize weevil showed relatively low responsibility. Film seed coating with hexane extract at 1% and 3% concentrations with six-month storage presented high insecticidal activity against bruchid beetles by more than 88% mortality but had low kill rates against maize weevil. The coated mung bean seeds presented non-seed germination effect, whereas high effect was observed on coated corn. Isolation of bioactive components demonstrated that there were 74 compounds, where pentadecane was the main compound. Film seed coating technology for mung bean seed preservation by using 1% hexane extract from long pepper fruit presented to be an extremely effective method to control bruchid beetles without any seed germination effect. It could serve as one of the green insecticides of the future.
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    In vitro effect of Callistemon viminalis and Melaleuca cajuputi ethanolic extracts as botanical fungicide and insecticide
    (2021-11-01)
    Somnuek, S.
    ;
    Thipmanee, K.
    ;
    Jaenaksorn, T.
    Effect of ethanolic extracts of Callistemon viminalis (EECV) and Melaleuca cajuputi (EEMC) leaves was evaluated in laboratory against plant pathogenic fungus (Alternaria sp.) and plant insect pests (Aphis craccivora and Phenacoccus manihoti). Regarding the study on botanical fungicide, the combined formulas of EECV and EEMC (5000 ppm) in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 were tested on mycelial growth and spore germination of tested fungus. The results revealed that all tested formulas of plant extracts gave significant inhibition on mycelial growth and spore germination in the ranges of 27.5-92.7% and 75-100%, respectively. However, the EEMC itself was unexpectedly found highly effective than the combined formulas. In the case of insecticidal activity, the preliminary experiment of EECV and EEMC (2000, 10000 and 20000 ppm) was performed on aphid and mealybug. The result presented that all concentrations of EECV and EEMC significantly showed the mortality effect on aphid and mealybug about 5-100%. In addition, the EECV and EEMC at 2000 and 10000 ppm showed a repellency of about 5-55%. Then, both plant extracts at 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 ppm concentrations were tested to those insects. The 100% mortality of aphid and mealybug was found in the highest concentration of EECV and EEMC while 2500-10000 ppm concentrations showed in the range of 38-98%. The 100% repellency capacity was observed at 10000 ppm concentration. Therefore, two Myrtaceae ethanolic extracts are promising to be used as a natural pesticide in controlling Alternaria and insect pests in laboratory.