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Hamiltonian Control Law with State Observer on Practical Design of Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Guided Vehicle Battery Charging Applications
(2026-01-01)
Pairindra, Worapong
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Somboonpanya, Nattapon
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Ketjaem, Supakorn
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Phongsawat, Suwaphit
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Phophongviwat, Teeraphon
This paper presents the design and calculation of wireless power transfer (WPT) integrated with the Hamiltonian Control Law. The proposed controller demonstrates greater effectiveness in terms of system stability and precise energy control, as compared to the commonly used PI controller in industrial applications. The proposed prototype has been built for assessment in both simulation and implementation, with a rated output power of 500 W and 48 V. The load-independent compensating topology, such as the LCC-S resonant tank, is used to transmit power wirelessly through an air core. Finally, in the last stage, the Hamiltonian Control Law with state observer is applied on the dc-to-dc buck mode converter to control the battery current and overall system. Apparently, the charging current can be precisely regulated to a specific value.
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Enhanced adaptive Hamiltonian control strategy for battery-ultracapacitor hybrid systems in electric vehicle applications
(2025-12-01)
Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Namin, Anon
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Thongpron, Jutturit
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Yodwong, Burin
This paper presents an enhanced Hamiltonian control law integrated with differential flatness theory, designed for hybrid vehicle systems utilizing batteries and ultracapacitors (UCs). Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach improves transient stability, enables dynamic power sharing, and reduces battery stress under rapid load variations, making it particularly effective for commercial electric vehicle (EV) applications. These vehicles operate under dynamic load conditions such as frequent acceleration, breaking, and regenerative events, which demand high-performance power management. The primary objective of the proposed control law is to manage power flow and optimize energy utilization in such hybrid systems. By combining Hamiltonian control with differential flatness techniques, the strategy dynamically regulates energy distribution between the battery and the UC. This is particularly relevant in DC microgrid applications, including vehicle systems, where constant power load (CPL) challenges frequently arise. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, an experimental test bench was developed using a Li-ion battery module (LFeLi-48,100 TB, 48 V, 100 Ah) and a UC module (188.88 F, 51.3 V). Experimental results confirm the superior performance of the proposed control law throughout various load–drive cycles.
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Hamiltonian-Based Approach to Enhance the Stability of Hybrid Fuel Cell and Supercapacitor Sources
(2025-01-01)
Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Kamnarn, Uthen
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Yodwong, Burin
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Pierfederici, Serge
This article aims to study an improved large-signal stability for fuel cell (FC) and supercapacitor (SC) hybrid sources, employing the enhanced Hamiltonian control law. This novel approach addresses the inherent challenges in the dynamic operation of such hybrid systems, characterized by rapid load changes [i.e., constant power load (CPL)] and energy fluctuations. Grounded in energy-based control theory, the Hamiltonian control law accurately manages the energy exchange between the FC, SC, and external load aiming to improve system stability and response efficiency. A comprehensive test bench setup, including a real FC, an SC bank, and programmable loads to simulate the electrical load (i.e., CPL, constant resistive load, and constant current load), was developed to evaluate performance under various operational conditions. The results demonstrate that Hamiltonian-based control significantly enhances the system’s damping properties, ensuring a smoother response to load variations and enhanced stability across different scenarios.
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Hamiltonian/Differential Flatness Control Law for Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor for DC Microgrid Applications
(2025-01-01)
Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Yodwong, Burin
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Bizon, Nicu
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Pierfederici, Serge
This paper presents a Hamiltonian/differential flatness control law designed for the management of fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid systems in DC microgrid applications. The control strategy aims to optimize energy management while enhancing the efficiency and stability of DC microgrids. By leveraging the complementary characteristics of fuel cells (high energy density, slow dynamics) and supercapacitors (high power density, rapid response), it addresses specific limitations. The energy of the systems is governed by the Hamiltonian framework, while the differential flatness theory enables precise control of system dynamics, ensuring optimal operation and accurate trajectory tracking. To assess the performance of the control algorithm, an experimental test bench has been established. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the control law in managing a load-drive cycle under constant power load conditions, balancing power flow, reducing fuel cell stress, and extending the life of the supercapacitor.
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Improved Passivity-Hamiltonian Control Law for Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System for DC Microgrid Applications
(2025-01-01)
Yodwong, Burin
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Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Khumfoi, Surin
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Vitale, Gianpaolo
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Pierfederici, Serge
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are gaining a lot of attention in sustainable energy systems, particularly in high-power applications by using Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Systems (MFCS). When integrated into DC microgrids, MFCS offer enhanced efficiency and stability but face challenges due to constant power loads (CPLs) and nonlinear dynamics. This paper proposes an Improved Passivity-Hamiltonian Control Law (PHCL). The control design integrates adaptive damping, multi-integral compensation, and Lyapunov-based stability to achieve robust DC-link voltage regulation and balanced current sharing among stacks. A novel integral scheme further ensures equal power distribution despite voltage mismatches or degradation. The proposed approach is validated experimentally on a hardware platform comprising two PEMFC stacks interfaced with boost converters. These obtained results confirm the robustness and practicality of the improved PHCL for MFCS-based DC microgrid applications
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EV Charging Station Planning Based on Nearby Station Data
(2024-01-01)
Somboonpanya, Nattapon
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Ketjaem, Supakorn
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Phophongviwat, Teeraphon
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Thounthong, Phatiphat
This paper presents the optimal electric vehicle charging station installation planning, focusing on the installation scenarios where the location is pre-selected. The optimization process includes the maximum charging power capacity and the number of electric vehicles charging stations. Energy consumption information from nearby charging stations is harvested and then analyzed for forecasting the energy supply behavior of each charging station. This paper has a financial analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of each installation scenario. Additionally, this methodology is demonstrated through the real-world data of charging patterns from electric vehicles at each charging station in Thailand.
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CC-CV Charging Control Based on Modified Hamiltonian Control Law for EV Application
(2024-01-01)
Somboonpanya, Nattapon
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Phophongviwat, Teeraphon
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Jamshidpour, Ehsan
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Thounthong, Phatiphat
This paper proposes constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging control based on Hamiltonian control law with a state observer for a bidirectional buck-boost converter on an EV charger. The CC-CV charging scheme is mainly utilized to charge lithium-ion batteries on an electric vehicle. In CC mode, the battery is charged with a preset value until the battery voltage reaches the desired equalized voltage. During CV mode, equalized current is used to maintain battery voltage to equalize the battery. In this work, equalization current requires the actual battery voltage, desired battery voltage, and the battery current for its calculation. Additionally, a state observer is implemented to estimate voltage across uncertainties of resistance and the battery current. Also, it can enhance the performance of the proposed control scheme and minimize the required sensors. Furthermore, the 1 kW prototype of the bidirectional buck-boost converter is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed controlled scheme.
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Control Strategy of Interleaved Buck Converter for Automated Guided Vehicles with Misalignment in Wireless Power Transfer Systems
(2024-01-01)
Phongsawat, Suwaphit
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Pairindra, Worapong
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Phophongviwat, Teeraphon
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Takorabet, Noureddine
The analysis of the positioning of the power transmission coil with a power rating of 3 kW and an output voltage of 48 V at a frequency of 85 kHz is presented, along with a simulation of the wireless power transfer (WPT) control system using an LCC-S resonance compensation circuit, applied to automated guided vehicles (AGVs). The case where the coil positions are misaligned with a deviation of 0-20% from the size of the power transmission coil is considered. Apparently, it can be illustrated that when the two power transmission coils are misaligned, the battery can still be charged in constant current mode using an interleaved buck converter circuit through a PI controller to increase the output power. The operation is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software.
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Improved Hamiltonian Control Law with Load Current Sensorless of Multiphase Parallel Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications
(2023-01-01)
Kamnarn, Uthen
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Yodwong, Burin
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Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Thounthong, Phatiphat
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Khomfoi, Surin
This article presents an improved Hamiltonian control law (HCL) with load current sensorless ability for multiphase parallel converters in electric vehicle applications. On one hand, the proposed control approach has a significant advantage in handling constant power load (CPL) that occurs in the situation of the vehicle, which is a dangerous situation that can cause oscillations and uncertainty. On the other hand, the load current observer is applied with HCL to improve the efficiency and reliability of the converter system. In addition, by eliminating the need for current sensors, the cost and size of the converter system are reduced, while maintaining accurate current control. Moreover, the difference flatness approach has been applied to generate the current reference resulting in regulating the DC bus voltage. Finally, the multiphase two-quadrant converter driving by the proposed control law has been evaluated through experimental tests. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance of the multiphase two-quadrant converter with CPL thereby confirming the efficacy of the proposed approach.
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Hamiltonian-Energy Control Law for Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source to Solve Stability Issues in DC Distributed System
(2023-01-01)
Mungporn, Pongsiri
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Khomfoi, Surin
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Pierfederici, Serge
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Nahid-Mobarakeh, Babak
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Bizon, Nicu
The new control law of a supercapacitor (SC) based storage device combining a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a hybrid power plant is presented in this paper. To realize this goal, a Hamiltonian control law (or an interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control IDA-PBC) is proposed. The paper deals with the new control algorithm to stabilize FC/SC hybrid system under constant power load stability issue in dc distributed network. To validate the proposed control approach, a hardware system is implemented with a high-performance microcontroller (CPU 64 bits, dual-core, 2 GHz). Also, the dc microgrid used in experimental test rig consists of a PEMFC of 2500 W, 50 V and a supercapacitor module of 188.88F 51.3V. The Experimental results show that the proposed controller has excellent control performance during a load-drive cycle under constant power load condition.

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