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Author: search.filters.author.Thwe, Khin Sam

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    Enhancing lateritic soil performance with cement and calcined limestone dust for road base application
    (2026-12-01)
    Thwe, Khin Sam
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Mase, Lindung Zalbuin
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Lateritic soils are widely used in road construction in tropical regions, but their natural engineering properties often require stabilization to meet strength and performance requirements. In Thailand, lateritic soils are commonly stabilized with cement-based binders, which are applied as soil–cement subbase and soil–cement base layers in accordance with the Department of Highways (DOH) specifications. This study evaluates the stabilization of lateritic soil using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with calcined limestone dust (CLD) as a partial cement replacement. CLD is produced by the calcination of limestone dust, which is a quarry by-product, at elevated temperatures. In the proposed stabilization approach, 20% of OPC was replaced with CLD to assess its effect on the stabilized soil’s physical and mechanical properties. Laboratory tests included Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics (optimum moisture content and maximum dry density), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The results indicate that the combined use of OPC and CLD reduces soil plasticity and slightly modifies compaction behavior due to changes in particle packing and moisture demand. Stabilization significantly improves UCS, and mixtures containing 20% CLD achieve compressive strengths comparable to fully cement-stabilized samples after 28 days of curing. Strength enhancement is primarily attributed to cement hydration, which forms calcium silicate hydrate, while CLD contributes through filler and nucleation effects, resulting in a denser microstructure suitable for road base applications.
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    Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
    (2025-03-01)
    Thwe, Khin Sam
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Mase, Lindung Zalbuin
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impacts. Yet, no studies have explored combining LFS and FA as cement replacement materials. Therefore, this research highlights the study of the combination of LFS and FA mixes as a partial cement replacement. The mix design for cement replacement materials was developed by combining ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LFS, and FA in the following weight ratios: 10:10:80, 20:20:60, and 30:30:40. These mix designs were assessed in comparison to 100%OPC (% by weight), evaluating key properties (bulk density, specific gravity, normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructural characteristics). According to the findings, incorporating LFS and FA, both pozzolanic materials effectively improved the strength of the material by promoting a pozzolanic reaction, particularly during the final stages of curing. Furthermore, it was found that a mixed design containing 20% OPC, 20% LFS, and 60% FA demonstrated suitable properties for cement replacement in various applications, with beneficial results in terms of setting time and strength development. From X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis), C-S-H gel, as well as Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> and Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf> chemical compounds, were formulated. The aforementioned replacement is being used to promote environmental sustainability through the efficient use of industrial byproducts.