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    Item type:Publication,
    Direct Synthesis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas from Carbon Dioxide Using a Copper/Zinc Oxide/Zirconia/Alumina and HY Zeolite Hybrid Catalyst
    (2021-07-27)
    Natakaranakul, Jaru
    ;
    Thongkam, Montree
    ;
    Li, Hangjie
    ;
    Suchamalawong, Phorndranrat
    ;
    Tsubaki, Noritatsu
    Conversion of CO<inf>2</inf> to lower hydrocarbons (HCs) is a high potential process that could reduce and sustainably control this greenhouse gas. In accord with The Sustainable Development Goal from The United Nation Development Program, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is viewed as environmentally friendly and is widely used. Small HCs can be directly synthesized from CO<inf>2</inf> hydrogenation over a hybrid catalyst. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the direct synthesis of LPG from CO<inf>2</inf> hydrogenation using a copper/zinc oxide/zirconium/alumina (CZZA) mixed metal and HY zeolite as a hybrid catalyst. The study was conducted in a fixed bed reactor using hydrogen/CO<inf>2</inf>/carbon monoxide as the reactant gas and evaluating four types of production condition, method of catalyst combination, reaction temperature, CZZA/HY zeolite mass ratio, and catalyst weight/volume flow rate. The mixing type between the CZZA and HY zeolite catalysts markedly influenced the HC selectivity with strong suppression of reverse water gas shift reaction. At the optimum condition, a 27.39 % CO<inf>2</inf> conversion level and a high HC (98.70 %) and LPG (66.56 %) selectivity were obtained.
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    Item type:Publication,
    A Well-Defined Core–Shell-Structured Capsule Catalyst for Direct Conversion of CO2 into Liquefied Petroleum Gas
    (2020-04-21)
    Li, Hangjie
    ;
    Zhang, Peipei
    ;
    Guo, Lisheng
    ;
    He, Yingluo
    ;
    Zeng, Yan
    A Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>@S1@H-ZSM-5 capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>–SZ) is fabricated through a dual-layer crystal growth method with an auxiliary hydrothermal reaction. The catalyst exhibits excellent selectivity to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in CO<inf>2</inf> hydrogenation reactions, which is attributed to the tandem reactions of methanol synthesis on the Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf> core catalyst and methanol dehydration to hydrocarbons on the H-ZSM-5 shell. The Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>–SZ capsule catalyst has a similar mesoporous structure, narrow range of Pd particles size distribution, and consistent reduction characteristics to the Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf> core catalyst. It maintains the physical and chemical properties of the core catalyst throughout the H-ZSM-5 shell synthesis process. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the H-ZSM-5 zeolite shell completely encapsulates the Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf> core catalyst. Compared with the crushed capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>–SZP), the well-defined-structured Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>–SZ catalyst has a much higher LPG selectivity of 33.6 %, owing to the well-matched reactions at the Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf> core and H-ZSM-5 shell.
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    Item type:Publication,
    A double-shell capsule catalyst with core-shell-like structure for one-step exactly controlled synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 containing syngas
    (2011-08-10)
    Yang, Guohui
    ;
    Thongkam, Montree
    ;
    Vitidsant, Tharapong
    ;
    Yoneyama, Yoshiharu
    ;
    Tan, Yisheng
    A zeolite capsule catalyst Cr/ZnO-S-Z was prepared successfully by a novel dual-layer method, in which one layer of neutral Silicalite-1 zeolite shell was first synthesized on the bimetallic Cr/ZnO core catalyst, acting as the intermediate layer for the following H-type H-ZSM-5 zeolite shell direct synthesis on its surface. By using this dual-layer method, it can be easily realized that the formation of H-ZSM-5 zeolite membrane on the millimeter-sized bimetallic substrates. Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas at higher reaction temperature was the application of this zeolite capsule catalyst to test its catalytic performance. In reaction, this zeolite capsule catalyst could realize the exactly controlled synthesis of DME, suppressing the formation of other alkane/alkene by-products simultaneously, demonstrating its exclusive ability for the selective synthesis of target product compared with the conventional hybrid catalyst. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.