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Author: search.filters.author.Wu, WeiSubject: search.filters.subject.Palm oil

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    Economic and environmental analyses for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions of a green diesel production process
    (2024-12-01)
    Pongboriboon, Nattapat
    ;
    Mariyappan, Vinitha
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    Wu, Wei
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    Background: In this study, palm oil hydrotreating for producing green diesel has been thoroughly explored, emphasizing high yields, reduced environmental impact, and lower energy consumption, particularly with solar collectors. Methods: This study addresses these gaps by evaluating impacts on multiple fronts, including carbon revenue, GHG emissions, and overall environmental effects. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique, utilizing the CML method developed by Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden (the Center for Environmental Science at Leiden University, The Netherlands) in SimaPro®, is employed to assess the environmental impact of green diesel production processes. The CML method evaluates environmental impacts through three phases: characterization, which quantifies environmental loads; midpoint, which assesses intermediate impact stages such as global warming potential; and damage, which evaluates potential harm to human health, ecosystems, and resource availability. The scope of work includes simulating the production process and incorporating a CO<inf>2</inf> capture unit with Aspen Plus®. Additionally, kinetic parameters for the palm oil hydrotreating reaction were validated, and energy consumption was optimized using the Aspen Energy Analyzer. Significant findings: The net-zero emissions of the green diesel (GD) production from crude palm oil (CPO) is achieved by using an integration of an evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC), heat exchanger network, and a post-separation CO<inf>2</inf> capture process. Through the life cycle assessment (LCA), the terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TEIP) is identified as a significant environmental factor due to chemical pesticides used in the oil palm cultivation. The carbon neutrality is validated by producing 1 kg of GD from CPO down to 0.0617 kg total CO<inf>2</inf> emissions since the net CO<inf>2</inf> sequestration for palm oil from oil palm plantation is taken into account. Referring to the Guthrie method, the economic indicators including the net present value (NPV) and the payback period are estimated at around 0.9 M$ in the 15th year and 9 years, respectively, if the CPO purchase price and the GD selling price are assumed to be $0.47/kg CPO and $1.98/kg GD, respectively, and the increased annual carbon credit is taken into account.
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    Novel CO2-negative design of palm oil-based polygeneration systems
    (2023-02-01)
    Wu, Wei
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    Supankanok, Rasa
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    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    ;
    Taipabu, Muhammad Ikhsan
    A palm oil-based polygeneration system (POPS), which is a combination of a fixed bed hydrotreating reactor (FBHTR), a three-phase separator, and a series of cryogenic separators, is co-production process of green diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) named Design 1. The FBHTR model is validated by experiment data and its optimal operating parameters are determined by solving the response surface methodology-based optimization algorithm. Two CO<inf>2</inf>-negative designs for the POPS named Designs 2 and 3 adopt approaches of (i) the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) for reducing 35% flue gas from the furnace, (ii) the amine-based CO<inf>2</inf> capture process coupling with pre- or post-separation system for producing the high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> product, and (iii) the heat integration design for reducing the energy duties of hot/cold utilities. Design 2 is validated to achieve the maximum negative net CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. Design 3 not only ensures the negative net CO<inf>2</inf> emissions, but also it produces three high-purity products (98.3% green diesel, 100% LPG, and 99.9% CO<inf>2</inf>) simultaneously.
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    Process design and economic evaluation of biomass-based negative emission technologies
    (2023-01-01)
    Wu, Wei
    ;
    Supankanok, Rasa
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    ;
    Pongboriboon, Nattapat
    A palm oil-based polygeneration system (POPS) is simulated to produce the main product of high-purity green diesel as well as the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a by-product. The CO<inf>2</inf>-negative design includes approaches of (i) a series of cryogenic separators for the recovery of approximately 65.5% of hydrogen feedstock, (ii) the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) for reducing 35% flue gas from the furnace, (iii) the amine-based CO<inf>2</inf> capture process for pursuing the high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> product. The economic analysis of POPS shows that the process becomes economically attractive if the diesel price and crude palm oil should be around 1.98 and 0.47 $kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.