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Salinity tolerance and nursing performance under different densities in spotted scat Scatophagus argus Linnaeus, 1766
(2023-05-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Suratata, Montathip
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Nontaso, Adjakab
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
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Kaneko, Gen
Spotted scat Scatophagus argus is a euryhaline species generally nursed in brackish water and shipped to freshwater ponds or sea cages of local farms in Thailand. To find the best practice for this process in terms of survival and cost, we conducted two culture experiments. In experiment 1, spotted scat fries (up to 6.72 ± 2.15 g) were divided into 5 size classes (S1–S5), and their survival rates were determined after 4 patterns of salinity changes [from 0 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt), from 0 to 15 ppt, and vice versa]. The survival rates were not significantly different between groups when fries were transferred from or to 15 ppt water. However, smaller fries (S1–S3) presented lower survival rates than larger fries (S4 and S5) when transferred from 0 to 30 ppt. In experiment 2, fries (0.21 ± 0.05 g) were nursed at three densities (125, 250, and 500 fish/m3) using underground water without water changes for 80 days. The 125 and 250 fish/m3 groups showed similar culture performance, suggesting that the nursing density can be up to 250 fish/m3 under these conditions. These results provide empirical data for establishing the best nursery practice of spotted scat, which will be particularly useful for small-scale farmers.
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Optimisation of dietary protein level for rearing juvenile spotted scat (Scatophagus argus Linnaeus, 1766)
(2023-01-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Pangsakun, Yaowapa
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
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Kaneko, Gen
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for growth, feed utilisation, chemical composition and amino acid profile in juvenile spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Five isoenergetic diets containing 31.70, 35.39, 40.71, 45.88 and 51.48% crude protein (T1–T5 respectively) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of S. argus (4.92 ± 0.06 g, n = 15 for each group). The percent weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily gain (ADG) showed significant quadratic response to dietary protein level with the highest values observed in the T4 group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) showed significant quadratic response to the dietary protein level, with the highest efficiency in the T3 and T4 groups. Crude protein and most amino acid levels increased with increasing dietary protein. The optimum dietary protein level for tested parameters of this species amounted to 41-45%. However, WG, SGR, ADG, FCR and FI showed subtle and/or insignificant differences between the dietary protein levels of 35.39 and 45.88% (T2–T4 groups). These results suggest that diets containing ~35% protein can be a practical and cost-effective option for rearing juvenile spotted scat.
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The Hot-Water Extract of Sargassum sp. as a Feed Ingredient for Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus Linnaeus, 1766) Reared in Songkhla Lake: Effects on Growth, Feed Efficiency, Hematological Data and Body Composition
(2022-08-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
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Kaneko, Gen
The growth performance of Scatophagus argus (25.53 ± 0.89 g) reared in Songkhla Lake, a brackish lagoon, was evaluated after feeding isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing hot-water extract from a seaweed, Sargassum sp., at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1 g·kg−1. Triplicate groups of fish were reared in 15 net cages (50 × 50 × 60 cm) at a density of 20 fish per cage, and the diets were fed twice a day at a rate of 5% of fish body weight per day for 8 weeks. The final body weight, weight gain (WG), average daily gain, and feed intake (FI) showed significant positive and quadratic responses to the Sargassum extract level. The highest WG (57.97%) and FI (0.34) were recorded in the fish that received the hot-water extract at 0.25–0.5 g·kg−1 of diet. The protein efficiency ratio showed significant positive linear and quadratic responses to the Sargassum extract level, while the hepatosomatic index showed a significant positive linear response to the Sargassum extract level. The body protein and ash contents showed positive, linear and quadratic responses to the Sargassum extract level, and the highest crude protein (49%) was observed in the 0.5 g·kg−1 diet group. There were no significant effects of the Sargassum extract levels on feed conversion ratio, food conversion efficiency, lipid and moisture contents, survival rate, hematocrit, and white or red blood cell counts. However, hematological data between fish in the control group and the Sargassum extract groups tended to be different. Overall, the optimum level of seaweed-extract supplementation for spotted scat under natural conditions was determined to be approximately 0.5 g·kg−1 diet.
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Feed intake stimulation of juvenile spotted scat (Scatophagus argus Linnaeus, 1766) using dietary seaweed supplementation (Ulva sp.)
(2020-12-15)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
This study appraised the growth performance of juvenile spotted scat when fed diets supplemented with Ulva sp. Seven isonitrogeneous and isocaloric diets with different levels of supplementation with Ulva sp. at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% were fed to 420 fish, weighing 0.49 ± 0.11 g. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish twice a day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The results showed that fish fed the diets with 5 and 10% seaweed demonstrated the highest mean WG and SGR (P < .05), whereas there were no significant differences in the FCR and PER of fish fed the control diet, and 5 and 10% seaweed (P > .05). Fish fed the control diet and that containing 5% Ulva sp. showed a lower rate of FI than fish fed diets containing 10–30% (P < .05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with seaweed at levels of 5–25% had no significant effect (P > .05) FCE although it was higher for those diets than for the fish fed the control diet and that supplemented with 30% Ulva sp. (P < .05). Therefore, 10% Ulva sp. in diet should be applied for spotted scat rearing.
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Use of 'Kluai Leb Mu Nang' banana peel as a dietary ingredient in feed for spotted scat (Scatophagus argus linnaeus, 1766)
(2018-01-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Hutadilok-Towatana, Nongporn
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
The use of banana peel as an aquatic animal feed additive has been previously demonstrated. The peel of 'Kluai Leb Mu Nang' banana is known to be rich in useful nutrients and this study investigates its use as a dietary ingredient in the culture of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets supplemented with the ripe banana peel were fed to the fish twice a day for 12 weeks. Diet 1, without banana peel, served as a control diet, whereas Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were experimental diets containing 5, 10, 15 and 20 % banana peel respectively. The effects of the diets were measured in terms of the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), hapatosomatic index (HSI) and survival rate (SR) of the fish, as well as the influence on the fish whole-body composition (i.e. moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash percentages). At the end of the feeding period, the FBW, WG, SGR, FCR and PER of the fish fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % banana peel were similar but those fed 20 % banana peel diet gained significantly less weight. Diets supplementated with banana peel had no effect on HSI, SR, body moisture or the crude protein content of the fish compared to control groups. Those fed 5 % peel diet had significantly higher ash content and the crude lipid content was significantly lower in the fish receiving the 15 % peel diet (all differences were significant at p<0.05). However, in general the levels did not deviate markedly from those obtained from the fish fed the control diet. Based on these results and the fact that the banana peel is an otherwise valueless biomass waste which is easily available, it may be of benefit as a feed additive in aquaculture.
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Chemical and mineral compositions of sargassum spp. From bo mao beach, Chumphon province, Thailand
(2017-09-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
Sargassum spp. or brown seaweeds have been used as food by the people in Pathio district, Chumphon province, south Thailand. This study is the first time that an investigation on the chemical and elemental compositions of Sargassum spp. found in the area has been conducted. Three species of Sargassum, namely Sargassum binderi, S. polycystum and S. oligocystum from Bo Mao Beach in Pathio District of Chumphon province were collected from September 2014 to February 2015. Results showed that the chemical compositions such as moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid and crude fiber of S. binderi were 5.61±0.00,14.73±0.14, 5.96±0.03,2.02±0.01 and 13.78±0.99% dry weight, respectively. Whereas, the moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid and crude fiber of S. polycystum were 5.34±0.01, 14.20±0.13,6.83±0.05,2.08±0.02 and 15.44±2.64% dry weight, respectively, and those of S. oligocystum were 4.17±0.19, 24.22±0.29, 5.47±0.41, 2.62±0.06 and 12.52±0.49% dry weight, respectively. The amount of Ca, P, K, Mg and Na of these seaweeds were significantly different (p<0.05), with S. binderi containing 3.23 ± 0.08, 0.07±0.00, 1.55±0.04, 0.99±0.01 and 0.75±0.00 % dry weight, respectively. Whereas S. polycystum contained 2.28±0.08, 0.07±0.01, 1.90±0.02, 0.90±0.01 and 1.12±0.00% dry weight, and S. oligocystum had 2.17±0.01, 0.06±0.00, 6.30±0.11, 0.85±0.01 and 0.58±0.01% dry weight, respectively. This study indicated that these brown seaweed are rich in beneficial nutrients, with potential for use as food not only for humans but also for animals.
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An aqueous extract from Sargassum sp. enhances the immune response and resistance against Streptococcus iniae in the Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)
(2016-12-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Hutadilok-Towatana, Nongporn
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Thawonsuwan, Jumroensri
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Phromkunthong, Wutiporn
The effects of the hot water extract from Sargassum sp. on the growth performance, immune responses, oxidative stress, and resistance of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) to Streptococcus iniae were investigated. Four groups of fish were fed on the basal diet containing the extract at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g kg−1 diet for 30 days. Thereafter, the fish from each group were divided into equal halves. The first half was injected intraperitoneally with 0.85 % NaCl, and the second half was injected with S. iniae (2 × 103 cfu fish−1). At the end of the 30 days feeding trial, there were no significant differences in final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and hepatosomatic index among four groups. Plasma protein, total immunoglobulin (Ig), and lysozyme messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in fish fed on diets containing 1.0 and 2.0 g kg−1 of Sargassum sp. extract, however, became increased in a non-dose-dependent manner. When fish were exposed to the bacteria, at 24 h, there were significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of hematocrit, red blood cell and white blood cell, Ig, and serum lysozyme in fish fed on diet containing 2.0 g kg−1 of Sargassum sp. extract than those of the fish fed the control diet, and the highest survival rate was also observed in this group. In addition, fish receiving the seaweed extract were able to suppress lipid peroxidation especially at 24-h post S. iniae challenge. These findings thus suggested that Sargassum sp. extract can be used as an immunostimulant in Asian sea bass.

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