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Occurrence of microplastics in farmed and wild snails along the coasts of Thailand: Implications for consumer exposure and health risks
(2026-03-01)
Saetan, Jirawat
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Chinfak, Narainrit
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Gunasekaran, Kannan
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Li, Qipei
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Zhang, Jing
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a critical global issue due to its harmful effects on the environment and public health. This study investigates the abundance of MPs in commercial spotted babylon snails ( Babylonia areolata ) from farmed and wild populations along the coasts of Thailand, evaluates daily MP exposure for consumers, assesses potential health risks, and explores strategies to mitigate MP exposure and associated human health risks. MP occurrence ranged from 55 % to 99 % in both farmed and wild B. areolata , with an average abundance of 1.17 ± 1.02 items/individual and 2.64 ± 2.17 items/individual, respectively. Wild B. areolata exhibited significantly higher MP levels than their farmed counterparts, but MP abundance in wild snails decreased by approximately 70 % following a 72-h depuration period. The most common MPs (<1000 μm) were small black and blue fibers, primarily composed of polyethylene terephthalate and polyester. The estimated daily MP exposure for B. areolata consumers was 0.005 items/person/day with a minimal health risk after the clearance experiment. As a mitigation strategy, we recommend acclimating B. areolata in MPs-free water systems for 2–3 days to reduce MP-related health risks.
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Comparative analysis between Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia franciscana size from China, Vietnam and United States of America Sources
(2025-03-01)
Choojit, T.
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Ratanaprapaporn, T.
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Dokkaew, S.
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Nhan, H. T.
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Kitikiew, S.
Artemia, also known as brine shrimp, are important organisms in the aquaculture industry due to their ability to adapt to high salinity environments and high nutritional value, making them suitable live food for various aquatic species. Our research is focused on two distinct species of Artemia franciscana and Artemia parthenogenetica from various geographical regions. Because of the current demand, Artemia is the preferred the choice for small-sized live feed for aquatic larvae. Hence, it is crucial to choose suitable artemia sources that correspond with the dietary requirements of aquatic larvae. The results were significantly differed between the species, suggesting potential for optimizing specific strains tailored to distinct aquaculture applications. The findings revealed notable disparities across the species, suggesting the possibility of enhancing certain strains customized for specific aquaculture purposes. The sizes of cysts and the Instar I stage in Artemia franciscana from Vietnam were 31.7 ± 7.25 μm smaller than those of A. franciscana from United States of America and A. parthenogenetica from China. The gathered statistics provided preliminary criteria for choosing strains that are well-suited size of live feed to certain aquaculture hatcheries.
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Investigating antagonistic activity of fish gut bacterial isolates against aquaculture pathogens: Short Communication
(2024-05-01)
Prakash, M. P.K.
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Padmanaban, D.
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Loganthan, C.
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Palaniswamy, K.
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Krishnamoorthy, K.
Aquaculture worldwide suffers significant economic losses and high fish mortality due to bacterial diseases. Antibiotics have been used extensively to combat these infections owning to the overuse of antibiotics, Drug-resistant bacteria can emerge. Studies on probiotics, which provide improved growth and disease resistance, are becoming more and more popular as an antibiotic substitute, Bacteria derived from a marine setting such as fish gut might be putative candidate for aquaculture probiont. In vitro antagonistic activity against fish pathogens has been used to assess the antimicrobial properties of bacteria isolated from the gut of Sardinella longiceps and Rastrelliger Kanagurta.
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Salinity tolerance and nursing performance under different densities in spotted scat Scatophagus argus Linnaeus, 1766
(2023-05-01)
Yangthong, Monsuang
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Suratata, Montathip
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Nontaso, Adjakab
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Ruensirikul, Jirayuth
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Kaneko, Gen
Spotted scat Scatophagus argus is a euryhaline species generally nursed in brackish water and shipped to freshwater ponds or sea cages of local farms in Thailand. To find the best practice for this process in terms of survival and cost, we conducted two culture experiments. In experiment 1, spotted scat fries (up to 6.72 ± 2.15 g) were divided into 5 size classes (S1–S5), and their survival rates were determined after 4 patterns of salinity changes [from 0 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt), from 0 to 15 ppt, and vice versa]. The survival rates were not significantly different between groups when fries were transferred from or to 15 ppt water. However, smaller fries (S1–S3) presented lower survival rates than larger fries (S4 and S5) when transferred from 0 to 30 ppt. In experiment 2, fries (0.21 ± 0.05 g) were nursed at three densities (125, 250, and 500 fish/m3) using underground water without water changes for 80 days. The 125 and 250 fish/m3 groups showed similar culture performance, suggesting that the nursing density can be up to 250 fish/m3 under these conditions. These results provide empirical data for establishing the best nursery practice of spotted scat, which will be particularly useful for small-scale farmers.
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The Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the Development of Duckweed (Lemna minor) in Co-Culture with Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)
(2023-05-01)
Luo, Jie
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Chien, Yew Hu
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Taparhudee, Wara
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Kitikiew, Suwaree
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Kantha, Phunsin
The effects of artificial light source and photoperiod on duckweed (Lemna minor) growth and the impact of duckweed on red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) growth in an aquaponic culture are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate: 1) effects of light source and photoperiod on growth of duckweed and water quality, and 2) the effects of feeding red tilapia with different ratios of duckweed: artificial feed. In Phase I, three different artificial light sources (LED white light, T5 fluorescent white light, and LED blue light) were used and then a consecutive experiment was conducted using LED white light with three different photoperiods: 24:0, 16:8, and 12:12 (light:dark). In Phase II, red tilapia were fed with three feeding regimes made up of different percentages (by weight) of duckweed (0%, 5%, and 10%) to artificial pellet feed. Overall, our results suggest that using LED white light with a photoperiod of 16:8 (light:dark) was effective for maximizing duckweed growth in aquaponic culture and consequently resulted in lowest total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO<inf>2</inf>-, and that replacing pellet feed with duckweed at 5% or 10% can increase the growth rate of red tilapia.
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Replacement of Fish Meal Protein with Giant Worm (Zophobas morio) and Black Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) in Diet of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
(2022-01-01)
Chainark, Pitchaya
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Prachom, Noratat
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Boonyoung, Suttisak
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Yuangsoi, Bundit
Replacement of fish meal with alternative protein ingredients is becoming increasingly important in aquaculture diets. In the present study, giant worm (Zophobas morio) and black cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) were used to replace fish meal in diets of cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Cobia fingerlings, with average initial weight 80.84±0.65 g, were fed for eight weeks with three diets: basal diet (100% fish meal as the main protein ingredient), 30 % replacement of fish meal with giant worm meal, and 30 % replacement with black cricket meal. The results showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (63.2-69.1 %) and crude protein (83.9-88.1 %) of cobia were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the three diets. No significant difference in growth was observed among treatments (p>0.05); the average final weight of the experimental fish ranged between 113.11±3.67 and 120.01± 2.89 g, and average specific growth rate ranged between 0.53±0.06 and 0.61±0.04 %. Similar results were revealed for feed conversion ratio (1.16±0.07-1.21±0.05) and survival rate (100 %), wherein no significant (p>0.05) differences were observed among treatments. Therefore, the present results clearly demonstrate that giant worm meal and black cricket meal can be used to replace fish meal in cobia diets, at least at 30 % replacement.

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