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Radioluminescence properties of silicate-phosphate glass system based on “Huta Ginjang” quartz sand co-doped with Gd3+/Tb3+ ions for scintillation applications
(2026-11-01)
Rajagukguk, J.
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Hutahaean, Juniar
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Situmorang, Howard
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Sarumaha, C. S.
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Simanullang, E.
A series of mixed silicate-phosphate glasses co-doped with Gd3+/Tb3+ ions at varying Tb concentrations were successfully synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. Their physical, optical and luminescence properties were analyzed, with an emphasis on the role of Tb3+ concentration. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit characteristic emission bands corresponding to Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions. A gradual decrease in the Gd3+ emission intensity at 311 nm is observed, accompanied by the suppression of Tb3+ emissions originating from the 5D<inf>3</inf> level. In contrast, a significant enhancement of the green emission associated with the Tb3+5D<inf>4</inf> → 7F<inf>j</inf> transitions is clearly evident. Under X-ray excitation, the radioluminescence (RL) spectra of the glasses displayed multiple sharp emission peaks corresponding to Tb3+ transitions, in contrast to the broad 478 nm emission band of the BGO crystal. Integral RL intensity ratios were demonstrated; all glasses exhibit significant radioluminescence intensity under X-Ray excitation compared to BGO, with QSPCaBaGd<inf>5</inf>Tb<inf>2.0</inf> showing the highest performance reaches up to 52.09% in the 350-800 nm range. These results, together with X-ray imaging capability, demonstrate that the developed glasses are promising candidates for cost-effective scintillation applications.
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Ca co-doped CsI(Tl) crystal scintillator for γ- and X-ray detecting applications
(2025-01-01)
Tariwong, Y.
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Kim, H. J.
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Quang, Nguyen Duy
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Khan, Arshad
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Daniel, D. Joseph
The vertical Bridgman method is used for the growth of single-doped CsI(Tl) and CsI(Tl:Ca) crystals, which has been evaluated for feasible applications in X-ray imaging and radiation detection. The powder XRD technique study reveals a single-crystalline phase of the grown crystal. The emission spectra show a broad emission band with a maximum of 540 nm under X-ray excitation, along with the characteristic emissions that arose from the Tl+ intra-center transition. The scintillation qualities of the grown crystal were studied via the pulse height spectra, scintillation light yield, energy resolution, and scintillation decay time. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) was investigated under γ-rays and α-particles excitation sources. Moreover, the X-ray imaging application was investigated by an X-ray synchrotron at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute to study the performance of the grown crystal. These preliminary investigations suggest that the grown CsI(Tl:Ca) crystal can be one of the promising crystals for γ- and X-ray detecting applications.
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Novel Tb3+ doped borophosphate glass scintillator for X-ray imaging
(2024-10-01)
Khrongchaiyaphum, F.
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Wantana, N.
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Kaewnuam, E.
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Pakawanit, P.
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Phoovasawat, C.
In this study, we introduce an efficient green-emitting material made from Tb3+ doped borophosphate scintillating glass for X-ray imaging. An influence of Tb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentration on the physical, optical, luminescent, and scintillation properties of glasses were investigated. The glass density and refractive index increase, while the molar volume and Tb3+ inter-ionic distance decreases with Tb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> addition. These glasses absorb the photons in range of UV, Vis, and NIR. The excitations by UV and X-ray on glasses causes the strong green emission centered around 545 nm by the 5D<inf>4</inf> → 7F<inf>5</inf> transition of Tb3+. The energy transfer from Gd3+ to Tb3+ was occurred in this emission. The glass doped with 4 mol% of Tb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> demonstrates the highest emission intensity at 545 nm due to the concentration quenching. The decay time of glasses are in few milliseconds. The integral X-ray scintillation efficiency of 4 mol% doped glass is 52% compared to that of BGO crystal. Additionally, this glass was proceeded in the X-ray imaging and yielded the image with satisfied resolution, characteristics and MTF values, compared to that obtained from YAG:Ce crystal. The developed glass has a potential for X-ray imaging applications, especially in the medical imaging, flaw detection, and security inspection.
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Eu2O3 doped silicoborate glasses for scintillation material application: Luminescence ability and X-ray imaging
(2023-12-01)
Intachai, N.
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Kothan, S.
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Wantana, N.
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Kaewjaeng, S.
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Pakawanit, P.
The glass samples were prepared by melt quenching method and changing Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentrations following component of xEu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> - 40Na<inf>2</inf>O - 7.5Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> - 5SiO<inf>2</inf> - (47.5-x)B<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 mol %). Density and molar volume tend to increase with increasing Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentrations, corresponding to the larger non-bridging oxygen. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) results point out that the majority BO<inf>3</inf> borate group. The absorption spectra were represented in the length of UV-Vis and NIR region. The phonon energy of 3Eu:7.5Gd was 1280.54 cm−1, related to the borate glass host. The photoluminescence and X-ray-induced luminescence spectra of 3Eu:7.5Gd glass showed similar highest intensity at 613 nm (5D<inf>0</inf>→7F<inf>2</inf>). The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 3Eu:7.5Gd glass shows the highest value at 85.70 %. The scintillation efficiency of 3Eu:7.5Gd glass was 17.51 % of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal. The decay time owing to Eu3+ emission is 2.054 ms for 2Eu:7.5Gd glass. The highest energy transfer efficiency was 2 mol % of Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentrations (η<inf>ET</inf> = 70 %). The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the glasses are placed in the reddish-orange area (0.65, 0.35). The spatial resolution of X-ray imaging study was 10 lp/mm. These results suggest that 3 mol % of Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> doped silicoborate glass is capable of being a scintillator applied in the X-ray imaging system.
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Eu3+ Doped Na2O-Gd2O3-BaO-B2O3-P2O5 glasses for x-ray scintillator application
(2023-11-01)
Khrongchaiyaphum, F.
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Wantana, N.
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Kansirin, S.
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Pakawanit, P.
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Vittayakorn, N.
The Na<inf>2</inf>O-BaO-B<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> doped with varying concentrations of Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and Na<inf>2</inf>O-Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-B<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> glasses were doped with varying concentrations of Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (referred to as Eu:NGBaPB) and prepared using the melt-quenching technique. These glasses were analyzed comprehensively in the physical, optical, chemical groups and photo-/radio- luminescence properties. Furthermore, the X-ray imaging was operated to indicate the practical radiation detection of glass. The addition of Eu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, the density and refractive index of Eu:NGBaPB glasses increased, while the molar volume decreased. The glass exhibited photon absorption in the UV-NIR regions. Excitation from various sources such as X-ray, ultraviolet, and visible light resulted in a reddish-orange emission at approximately 613 nm, originating from the 5D<inf>0</inf>→7F<inf>2</inf> radiation state of Eu3+. Energy transfer occurred from Gd3+ to Eu3+ within the glass. These findings highlight the intriguing potential of the glass for applications as an X-ray scintillator.
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Na2O-Gd2O3-Al2O3-P2O5 glass scintillator doped with Dy3+: X-rays and proton responses
(2023-01-01)
Wantana, N.
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Kaewnuam, E.
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Tariwong, Y.
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Quang, Nguyen Duy
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Pakawanit, P.
Dy3+:Na<inf>2</inf>O-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> (Dy:NAGP) glasses were fabricated to investigate the capability for radiation responses. The influence of Dy<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentration on glass properties was studied. The density and effective atomic number of glass increased with the addition of Dy<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> content. The glasses absorbed the photons in the ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared region. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the obvious yellow emission at 574 nm and blue emission at 482 nm of Dy3+ were both generated by the direct excitation and the Gd-Dy energy transfer. The PL decay time of glasses was in the millisecond order. There was thermal quenching observed in temperature-dependent luminescence (TDL). The radioluminescence (RL) and protonluminescence (PrL) represented the emission pattern of Dy3+ similarly to PL spectra. The concentration quenching caused 0.50Dy:NAGP glass with the highest PL and RL emission intensity. The X-ray imaging of developed glass using a synchrotron light source was successfully imaged for the first time.

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