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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.Agriculture

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    First evidence of microplastics in atmospheric deposition over the Gulf of Thailand: Distribution, characteristics, and ecological risk
    (2026-09-15)
    Chinfak, Narainrit
    ;
    Gunasekaran, Kannan
    ;
    Jandang, Suppakarn
    ;
    Li, Qipei
    ;
    Sricharoenvech, Piyaporn
    Microplastics (MPs) have been extensively studied in aquatic environments; however, their occurrence in atmospheric deposition remains poorly understood. This study provides the first insights into the distribution of MPs in wet deposition across different locations and evaluates their potential environmental risks in the Gulf of Thailand (GoT). The ocean is likely a sink for MPs, with approximately 10% of the total MPs in atmospheric deposition detected in oceanic rainwater. MP abundances in terrestrial rainwater, including urban and agricultural rainwater (62.70 ± 15.89 items/m<sup>2</sup> and 29.37 ± 12.29 items/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the GoT rainwater (9.72 ± 3.70 items/m<sup>2</sup>) ( p = 0.001), with greater MPs abundance observed in the urban center. MPs exhibited similar morphological (shape and color) and compositional characteristics across all locations. Fibrous MPs (100–500 μm) dominated urban (42%) and agricultural (55%) rainwater, whereas smaller fibers (<100 μm) were predominant in the GoT (69%). White and black were the dominant colors found in both terrestrial and GoT rainwater. Low-density polymers (PE, PP and PS) were the most frequently detected polymers, comprising up to 80% of the total MPs. Among them, PE was predominant, accounting for 48%, 51%, and 62% of all MPs identified in urban, agriculture and the GoT rainwater, respectively. Ecological risk assessment indicated a minor potential ecological risk associated with MPs in wet deposition. Future studies investigating both wet and dry deposition, as well as factors influencing MP distribution and transport in the GoT, are needed to support transport modeling, identify potential sources, and assess the impact of climate forcing on MP distribution.
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    Harnessing microbial biosurfactant for agricultural applications
    (2024-01-01)
    Eshwarnath, V. S.
    ;
    Thyagarajan, R.
    ;
    Kishorekumar, A.
    ;
    Gopikrishnan, V.
    ;
    Radhakrishnan, M.
    Biosurfactant refers to surface-acting substances that can enhance surface-surface interactions by generating micelles that are derived from natural sources including plants, microorganisms, and animals. Biosurfactants are a structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites with lots of potential to serve mankind. The structural and compositional diversity of biosurfactants is unambiguously substrate-dependent. Microbial surfactants are environment-friendly alternatives to synthetic surfactants. Biosurfactants are surface-active agents produced by microorganisms that have higher efficiency and stability, lower toxicity and higher biocompatibility and biodegradability than chemical surfactants. The differences between biosurfactant production can be attributed to the different compositions of the hydrolyzates.