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Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation and urea on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sugarcane top silage
(2026-12-01)
Bureenok, Smerjai
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Pitiwittayakul, Nittaya
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Saenmahayak, Benya
;
Sun, Lin
;
Lukkananukool, Achara
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum ST1 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum G3 and their combination with urea on the aerobic stability of sugarcane tops silages. The fermentation profile was not affected by the interaction between urea and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), except for the lactic acid content (P = 0.012). Lactic acid content was higher in LAB silage (P = 0.008). The use of urea resulted in higher levels of pH value, butyric acid, and ammonia-nitrogen compared to LAB. The addition of urea increased the crude protein, and fiber content in silage and decreased the in vitro dry matter digestibility of silage by 7.1% (P < 0.001). In the urea-treated silages, the pH values remained stable, and the yeast counts remained low during five days of air exposure. In contrast, yeast counts increased in the silages without urea treatment, irrespective of the use of LAB. Clostridium sensu stricto 12 was found exclusively in urea-treated silages. The use of LAB additives without urea appears to be advantageous for the fermentation process of sugarcane tops silage. Despite improving the aerobic stability, the addition of urea is not warranted because it results in a poor-quality silage.
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Isolation, screening wood rot fungi from the tropical forest of Thailand and their lignocellulolytic enzyme production under solid-state fermentation using agricultural waste as substrate
(2025-01-01)
Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Silar, Philippe
;
Poeaim, Supattra
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Tangthirasunun, Narumon
The present study aimed to discover good lignocellulolytic enzyme (LCE) producers from Thailand’s tropical forest and then examine their multiple LCE production (including carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase, and laccase) using agricultural wastes as substrate. The total collection was 50 fungi, mainly from the Polyporales, Agaricales, and Xylariales orders. During primary screening by qualitative method and secondary screening by quantitative method, two potential fungi were proposed for multiple LCE production, including Auricularia auricula-judae 088 and Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48. Under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agricultural wastes as substrates, P. acaciicola TDW-48 performed as a good producer that highly secreted simultaneous CMCase, xylanase, and laccase. In the next stage, the simplex lattice mixture design assessed the interaction of agricultural waste substrates and their effects on P. acaciicola TDW-48’s enzyme production. The results indicated that agricultural waste has different influences on CMCase, xylanase, and laccase production: orange peel showed a positive effect on both CMCase and xylanase activity, but a negative effect on laccase. In contrast, wheat bran positively influenced laccase, while it limited CMCase and xylanase. However, the combination of these substrates in the mixture showed synergic effects and improved enzyme activity. Through numerical optimization, a ternary mixture of wheat bran (1.27 g), orange peel (1.53 g), and rice husk (0.2 g) was identified as the most appropriate formulation for simultaneous multiple LCE production, reaching 20.96 U/g substrate for CMCase, 23.94 U/g substrate for xylanase, and 27.55 U/g substrate for laccase. These results provided a promising candidate for LCE production with high applicability in lignocellulose bioconversion and successfully demonstrated the relationship between the agricultural waste substrate and multiple LCE production that supported the enzyme production following the environmentally friendly and economical approach.
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Effects of transition metal during the hydrothermal carbonization on characteristics of carbon materials
(2018-09-05)
Sangjumras, Peeranuch
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Udomsap, Parncheewa
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
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Fuji, Masayoshi
Biomass from the agriculture wastes can be transformed to valuable carbon support through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In this study, the biomass was hydrothermally treated at 200°C for 24 h in the presence of transition metals as catalysts. Various types of metal-salt solutions comprising of Cu(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>, Cd(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>, Fe(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>3</inf>, Ni(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> and Ba(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> with a concentration of 5 wt% during HTC, were investigated to study their effects on surface functional characteristics and morphological appearance of the synthesized carbons, which were subsequently characterized using FT-IR, and SEM analyses. Furthermore, the remaining metal particles on the synthesized carbon surface were found to be effective for catalytic applications. Thus, HTC of agriculture by-products in combination with the addition of transition metals would be an effective technique to prepare catalysts in a facile way.
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Use of pineapple waste for production of decomposable pots
(2017-12-01)
Jirapornvaree, I.
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Suppadit, T.
;
Popan, A.
Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the suitability of pineapple waste for production of decomposable nursery pots. Methods: The experiment was completely randomized, with three replicates and eighteen formula treatments. Treatments consisted of varying ratios of pineapple waste to binder, including 2:1, 1:0 (fresh pineapple waste), 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2; the textures tested were coarse, medium, and fine, and the pot thicknesses were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm. Results: The results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of pineapple waste were suitable for use in nursery pots on an experimental scale. The optimal physical and chemical properties for a decomposable pot included a 1:0 ratio of pineapple waste to binder, a coarse structure, and a pot thickness of 1 cm. With these properties, the pot degraded in more than 45 days, N and P release rates were 0.49% and 7.97 mg-P/kg, respectively, and the average absorption rate was 258.43%. Saturation occurred in 45 min, and the water evaporated in 444 h. Conclusion: In terms of cost production per pot, fresh pineapple waste cost 0.0075 USD for a three-and-a-half inch diameter decomposable pot (excluding logistical costs). Therefore, this study provides a possible method for waste management.

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