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    Potential allelopathic effects of Suregada multiflorum and the influence of soil type on its residue's efficacy
    (2010-09-01)
    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    ;
    Boonleom, Chaninat
    ;
    Teerarak, Montinee
    ;
    Thitavasanta, Sompop
    ;
    Charoenying, Patchanee
    This experiment was conducted to determine the potential allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts and dried leaf powder of Suregada multiflorum and to find the herbicidal effects of its granule on the weed species, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), in various growth media (germination paper, sand, and soil). Observations in this study demonstrated that the potential and magnitude of their inhibitory effects varied among the plant parts. The leaves and branches possessed the strongest inhibition levels, followed by the bark. The aqueous extract from the leaves of S. multiflorum had a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of slender amaranth, compared with barnyardgrass; when applied at the concentration of 100-g-L<sup>-1</sup>, it completely inhibited the germination and initial seedling growth of slender amaranth. In addition, all the treatments of the dried leaf powder had stronger inhibition effects than the aqueous extract. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of the dried leaf granule of S. multiflorum were stronger than the effects of the dried leaf powder at equal rates. The degree of inhibitory effect of the S. multiflorum granule, applied in various growing media, can be classified in order of decreasing inhibition as germination paper = sand > clay soil. The present study indicates that the S. multiflorum granule product that was developed in this research has the potential to provide a powerful organic herbicide for controlling slender amaranth. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Weed Science Society of Japan.
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    Assessment of allelopathic potential of Vetivergrass (Vetiveria spp.) ecotypes
    (2007-01-01)
    Laosinwattana, C.
    ;
    Phuwiwat, W.
    ;
    Charoenying, P.
    We selected and examined 10 ecotypes of vetivergrass for their allelopathic effects. The allelopatbhic effects of aqueous extracts of each ecotype leaf, rhizome and root plant parts were determined on germination of radish (Raphanus sativas L.). All studied ecotypes inhibited the radish germination and magnitude of their inhibitory effects were ecotypes dependent and varied among plant parts. Nakhon Sawan ecotype was most inhibitory to radish seed germination. Leaves caused strongest inhibition, followed by rhizomes and roots. In another bioassay, the aqueous extracts (concentration of 100 mg/ml) from leaves of Nakhon Sawan ecotype were applied at germination of 15 bioassay plants. Radish, Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and Chinese kale (Brasica oleracea var. alboglabra) were the most sensitive to the extract. Besides, a pot experiment showed that Nakhon Sawan leaf residues used as mulch on the soil surface or incorporated into soil reduced the germination and biomass of radish. To isolate inhibitory allelochemicals, methanol extract of Nakhon Sawan ecotype leaf was partitioned into ethyl acetate soluble acidic, neutral and aqueous fractions. The inhibition activities of three fractions were compared with the original extract. The results showed that inhibitory effects increased after solvent partitioning. The original extracts caused 22% inhibition in germination of radish seed at 4,000 ppm, while, ethyl acetate soluble acidic fraction at 4,000 ppm completely inhibited the seed germination. © International Allelopathy Foundation 2007.
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