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Antibacterial and lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activities of coprophilous fungi obtained from cow dung in Thailand
(2024-01-01)
Tangthirasunun, Narumon
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Bhat, Darbhe Jayarama
;
Poeaim, Supattra
Twenty-seven coprophilous fungi, isolated from field-fed cow dung in an organic farm in Thailand, were identified using morphology and ITS barcode. A total of five genera viz. Aspergillus, Hamigera, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, and Talaromyces were identified with varying numbers and growth rates. These fungi were evaluated for their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus and St. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Pe. javanicum NTD-SP2- 01 and Talaromyces sp. NTD-SP5-48 exhibited activity against all bacteria when tested with agar plug diffusion method. Talaromyces sp. NTD-SP5-48 was particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. As. terreus NTD-NG1-05 displayed the highest activity against five bacterial strains, except Ps. aeruginosa. Notably, As. terreus NTD-NG1-05 and Talaromyces sp. NTD-SP5-48 demonstrated extended antibacterial activity in the agar disk diffusion method, with fermented broth (FB) showing superior inhibitory effects compared to mycelial extract (MY). Both isolates demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against B. Subtilis. Furthermore, all isolates exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, with a diffusion of 0.125 mg/disk. Only Talaromyces sp. NTD-SP5-48 (FB) displayed the highest inhibition activity against Ps. aeruginosa, with a diffusion of 1 mg/disk (100 mg/mL). In terms of enzyme activity, all isolates exhibited cellulase activity, with Talaromyces sp. showing the highest cellulase activity, followed by As. terreus. Laccase activity was only observed in the unidentified isolate NTD-SP5-34, while none of the isolates showed pectinase activity.
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In vitro study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of soybean tempeh and split gill fungus (Schizophyllum commune) as plant-based diets
(2022-05-01)
Yodsenee, K.
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Suthirawut, S.
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Pilasombut, K.
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Urairong, H.
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Rumjuankiat, K.
Plant-based diets that reduce or eliminate animal product intake are known to ameliorate the incidence and clinical course of several illnesses. Soybean tempeh and split gill edible fungus (Schizophyllum commune) have long been consumed as plant-based diet choices. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of soybean tempeh and S. commune extracts were investigated using water for extraction. The aqueous extract of fresh S. commune had the highest TPC at 1191.81 mg GAE/100g. Three methods were evaluated antioxidant activity as the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging test (DPPH), radical cation decolorization assay (ABTS) and reducing power. The IC<inf>50</inf> values of fresh S. commune using DPPH and ABTS+ assays were 0.2812% and 0.5761%, respectively whereas the reducing power assay gave EC<inf>50</inf> value at 0.3606%. Crude extracts of fresh tempeh and fresh S. commune exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 746 at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/ml, respectively. Two times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fresh tempeh and fresh S. commune effectively reduced viable cells of S. aureus TISTR 746 of 5 log CFU/ml at 12 h. Both fresh tempeh and S. commune extracts showed promise as natural antioxidants for utilization as plant-based food.
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Protein hydrolysates from agricultural wastes for plant bacterial disease control
(2022-03-01)
Ditsawanon, T.
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Parinthawong, N.
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Phaonakrob, N.
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Roytrakul, S.
Agricultural wastes, agro-industrial wastes and fishery wastes were collected and the protein hydrolysates were obtained with pepsin. Antibacterial activity of smaller than 3 kDa protein hydrolysates was determined against the plant pathogenic bacteria; Xanthomonas citri, Ralstonia solanacearum, Burkholderia cepacia and also against plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs); Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. Coconut residues (agro-industrial waste from coconut milk production), peanut seed coat (from peanut-based snack production) and rice straw (waste from rice farms) showed antimicrobial activity against X. citri, R. solanacearum and B. cepacia with higher than 74% inhibition. Coconut residue also increased growth of PGPRs, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens. Further protein hydrolysates from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and snake-head fish (Clarias batrachus) fin increased growth of all PGPRs.
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Oil from Asian bullfrong (Rana tigerina) skin: Antimicrobial activity and its application in emulsion gelatin-based film
(2019-01-01)
Karnjanapratum, Supatra
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Nilsuwan, Krisana
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Benjakul, Soottawat
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Sumpavapol, Punnanee
Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) has been commonly consumed as meat protein source by Asian people. The certain amount of frog skin was obtained from cutting process line, which could be used as natural source of bioactivity compounds, particularly antimicrobial oil. In the present study, antimicrobial activities of oil extracted from skin of R. tigerina against various bacteria were determined using agar-well diffusion assay. The application of the frog oil in emulsion gelatin-based film as antimicrobial packaging was also investigated. Oil from bullfrog skin was extracted and examined for its antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Aeromonas hydrophil and Salmonella typhimurium. Frog skin oil (FSO) (250-500 mg/ mL) showed inhibitory activities on both Gram +ve (B. cereus) and Gram -ve (E. coli) bacteria with inhibition zone diameters of 8.97-11.50 and 8.77-11.50 mm, respectively. A gelatin-based film incorporated with frog skin oil emulsion (FSOF) was characterized and it's antibacterial activities were also investigated using agar spot test in comparison with palm oil emulsified film (POF) and fish gelatin (GF) film. Physical characteristics of the three films varied. FSOF was significantly (P < 0.05) thicker than GF, but thinner than POF. FSOF had higher tensile strength than PO and showed higher elongation at break than GF (P < 0.05). Based on water vapor permeability, FSOF could be a good barrier with higher potential than GF (P < 0.05), which was comparable to PO (P > 0.05). FSOF showed higher transparency value with higher intense of yellow color, compared with those of POF and GF (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity of FSOF was not be detected, which could be accounted for the oil might have been trapped in the film matrix which limited the release of the oil into agar. The extracted oil could be a natural alternative antimicrobial agent. However, further study is required to enhance the release/availability of the oil in emulsion film as antimicrobial agent.
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Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of xanthoquinodin analogs from the fungus Cytospora eugeniae BCC42696
(2018-07-01)
Sadorn, Karoon
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Saepua, Siriporn
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Boonyuen, Nattawut
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Boonruangprapa, Tanapong
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Rachtawee, Pranee
Eleven previously undescribed compounds, including cytosporanthraxanthone, xanthoquinodins A7–A10, ketoxanthoquinodin A6, xanthoquinodins B6–B8, and spiroxanthoquinodins A and B, and one synthetically known compound, 2-methoxy pinselin, as well as ten known compounds, including xanthoquinodins A4−A6, B4, and B5, chrysophanol, physcion, (4S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-α-tetralone, (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone (or isosclerone), and gonytolide C were isolated from the fungus Cytospora eugeniae BCC42696. Their chemical structures were determined based on the analysis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of the unknown compounds were established by using NOESY and NOEDIFF NMR experiments along with CD spectroscopic data. The isolated xanthoquinodins exhibited a broad range of antimalarial, antibacterial, and fungicidal activities as well as cytotoxicity. Xanthoquinodins A6, B4, and B5 showed strong activity to Plasmodium falciparum, K1 strain (IC<inf>50</inf> 0.52–0.92 μM) and displayed anti-Bacillus cereus (MIC 1.56 μg/mL). Xanthoquinodin A6 also showed anti-Curvularia lunata (MIC 3.13 μg/mL). In addition, xanthoquinodins A4, A6, B4, and B5 and ketoxanthoquinodin A6 showed cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells.
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Identification and antimicrobial activity of Micromonospora strains from Thai peat swamp forest soils
(2018-04-01)
Thawai, Chitti
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Kanchanasin, Pawina
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Ohkuma, Moriya
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Kudo, Takuji
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Tanasupawat, Somboon
The identification and antimicrobial activity of thirteen actinomycete strains isolated from peat swamp forest soils collected from Narathiwat, Patthaloong and Yala provinces, the southern part of Thailand were carried out. Based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, all isolates were belonged to genus Micromonospora. They were separated into six groups based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and were identified as M. narathiwatensis (Group 1, 5 isolates), M. humi (Group 4, 3 isolates), M. aurantiaca (Group 5, 2 isolates), one of each isolate as M. chalcea (Group 2) and M. maritima (Group 6). The isolate LK6-12 (Group 3) showed low similarity (99.16%) with the type strains of Micromonospora siamensis that will be the novel species of the genus Micromonospora. Meso-diaminopimelic acid (cell wall type II), xylose and arabinose (pattern D) were detected in their whole-cell hydrolysates. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (type II). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C<inf>17:0</inf>, C<inf>17:1</inf>ω8c, iso-C<inf>16:0</inf>, iso-C<inf>15:0</inf>, iso-C<inf>17:0</inf>, anteiso-C<inf>15:0</inf>, and anteiso-C<inf>17:0</inf>. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H<inf>4</inf>), MK-9(H<inf>6</inf>), or MK-10(H<inf>4</inf>). The DNA G+C contents of the isolates ranged from 71.6-72.6 mol%. On the primary screening, 2 isolates exhibited the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341.

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