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    Evaluation of a commercial multiplex real-time PCR panel for identification environmental water antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hemoculture bottles
    (2025-05-01)
    Thongdee, Pimwan
    ;
    Narongdej, Putt
    ;
    Wongthai, Passara
    ;
    Nitchaphanit, Sirachat
    ;
    Chuenchom, Kasidach
    Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is increasing, especially in developed and developing countries, including Thailand. Sepsis is a crisis and emergency causing the death of patients with a high mortality rate of 1 in 5 of the global population. Using inappropriate antimicrobial drugs to treat infections increases the chance of drug resistance in the microorganisms, and precise and rapid treatment is essential for patient management. Objective: This cooperative study aims to evaluate a commercial multiplex real-time PCR panel, QIAstat-Dx BCID GN Plus AMR Panel, to detect antimicrobial-resistant genes in the bloodstream. Materials and methods: Thirty bacterial samples were used to simulate bloodstream infections. The comparison between the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN Plus AMR Panel and the conventional PCR method was revealed. Results: Both methods gave concordant results for 12 samples, while results for 15 were discordant. Three samples could not be detected using the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN Plus AMR Panel because ebc gene is not included. The QIAstat-Dx BCID GN Plus AMR Panel revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 91.50%, 93.30%, 74.10%, and 98.50%, respectively. Conclusion: The study indicated that the QIAstat-Dx BCID GN Plus AMR Panel Cartridge can detect common antimicrobial-resistant genes from the bloodstream. However, additional resistant genes should be included in the panel to cover various highly prevalent antimicrobial-resistant genes based on geographical location.
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    Amla extract's impact on pre-weaning piglet diarrhea: An investigation into the therapeutic potential of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.)
    (2024-03-01)
    Thammakarn, C.
    ;
    Kaewhom, P.
    ;
    Klompanya, A.
    ;
    Srikijkasemwat, K.
    The crude extract of Amla was found to be effective in treating pre-weaning piglet diarrhea. In this study, the group given a 25% extract concentration showed the most rapid recovery (4.80±0.57 days) and highest body weight gain (3240.00±45.83 g/piglet) over 15 days, outperforming the control group. Additionally, treatment costs were significantly lower in the 25% Amla crude extract group (0.039 USD per piglet) compared to the control group (0.052 USD per piglet). These findings suggested that Amla crude extract could be a cost-efficient alternative for managing pre-weaning piglet diarrhea, especially at a 25% concentration. Moreover, it addressed the issues of treatment expenses and antimicrobial resistance.
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    Diptoindonesin D, a potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, an inhibitor of penicillin-binding protein 2a from the stem bark of Shorea roxburghii G.Don
    (2019-11-01)
    Sudto, Kanokorn
    ;
    Saparpakorn, Patchreenart
    ;
    Tancharoen, Chompoonuch
    ;
    Phromyothin, Darinee
    ;
    Techasakul, Supanna
    The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to public human health. The challenge now is an urgent need to new potent antibiotics combating AMR which can be an effective way to solve the crisis. A new potent antibacterial activity of diptoindonesin D, together with four known compounds as hopeafuran, α-viniferan, hopeahainol A and hopeahainol C were isolated from the stem bark of Shorea roxburghii G. Don in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Diptoindonesin D were screened for antimicrobial activity and possesses significant activity minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 4.68 and 9.37 μg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The absolute configuration of diptoindonesin D were evaluated by circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The ECD results indicated that the possible configuration of diptoindonesin D should be R-configuration. Furthermore, reverse docking was performed to identify the protein target of diptoindonesin D based on four scoring functions using GOLD program. This investigation is the first time that reveals interaction between diptoindonesin D and its binding with cell wall synthesis protein targets. The results highlighted that, penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), an antibacterial cell wall, might be the potential target for the binding of diptoindonesin D. The obtained results can be useful as a guideline for the development of effective diptoindonesin D as a PBP2a inhibitor.
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    Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio species related to food safety isolated from shrimp cultured at inland ponds in Thailand
    (2014-04-01)
    Yano, Yutaka
    ;
    Hamano, Kaoru
    ;
    Satomi, Masataka
    ;
    Tsutsui, Isao
    ;
    Ban, Masatoshi
    Inland farming of marine shrimp species is a relatively recent development, in response to increasing demand for the products. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofpotentially pathogenic Vibrio species in shrimps cultured at inland ponds with low salinity in Thailand. Of 16 shrimp samples (white-leg shrimps and black-tiger shrimps) from ponds with water temperatures from 29 to 32°C, and salinities from 1 to 5 parts per trillion, 15 contained Vibrio cholerae (densities: 62-252,000MPN/g). Vibrio parahaemolyticus was present in six samples (370-6,300,000MPN/g), and Vibrio vulnificus was present in two samples (16-1300MPN/g). V.parahaemolyticus has higher affinity for non-native white-leg shrimp than for native black-tiger shrimp. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were then measured for 12 common antimicrobial agents. Resistance to ampicillin and oxytetracycline (8% and 2% of the isolates) was documented in V.cholerae isolates, resistance to ampicillin and oxytetracycline (72% and 3%) was found in V.parahaemolyticus isolates, and resistance to nalidixic acid (20%) was detected in V.vulnificus isolates. β-lactamase and tetracycline resistance genes were detected in the resistant Vibrio isolates. The oxytetracycline-resistance phenotype was eliminated by plasmid curing, suggesting that the resistance was related to R-plasmids. Our results show that shrimps cultured even in low salinity ponds are potentially contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio species, and that shrimp are a vehicle for transfer of species with antimicrobial resistance genes to the public. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.