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Performance Analysis of Integral Process of Bio-Oil Production, Bio-Oil Upgrading, and Hydrogen Production from Sewage Sludge
(2023-09-14)
Simasatitkul, Lida
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Lakkhanasombut, Apiwat
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Morin, Worawit
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Jedsadajerm, Supachai
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Amornraksa, Suksun
This research investigated the production of bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process using sewage sludge from wastewater, along with the hydrotreating of the bio-oil. The simulation process began with a wastewater flow rate of 460 tonnes/day, where the feedstock was divided into two streams. The first stream underwent the HTL process, while the other was directed towards hydrogen production. The resulting products included gaseous products, crude bio-oil, and heavy liquid. The crude bio-oil was further upgraded by introducing hydrogen, which was obtained through gasification and purified by gas separation using a palladium membrane. The primary product mainly comprised alkane, with a carbon content of 85.89% and hydrogen content of 14.11%. For the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil, a fractionation distillation tower arrangement was designed. In addition, Additionally, the gaseous products underwent fractionation distillation to obtain 98% nitrogen and 99.9% liquid carbon dioxide. Considering the carbon footprint, it was observed that the bio-oil production process resulted in the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
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Bio-oil and char obtained from cassava rhizomes with soil conditioners by fast pyrolysis
(2021-11-01)
Rueangsan, Koson
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Kraisoda, Pakkip
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Heman, Adcha
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Tasarod, Homhuan
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Wangkulangkool, Monchawan
We studied the properties of the bio-oil and char from fast pyrolysis of cassava rhizomes in a free-fall reactor, catalyzed by adding various soil conditioners (or improvers) as catalysts to the reactor at 500 °C and 200 g/h feed rate. Four conditioners were evaluated - granular TPI pH11 soil conditioner, volcanic rock, TPI pelletized organic fertilizer and super dolomite - and added at 50% (w/w) of the rhizomes. Bio-oil and gas yields decreased, whereas char yields increased, yielding bio-oil 57–59%, gas 14–20% and char 23–28%. With the catalysts, the bio-oil higher heating value increased, while that of char decreased: for cassava rhizomes with volcanic rock the bio-oil high heating value increased from 19.4 to 23.6 MJ/kg, whereas rhizomes with dolomite led to an increased viscosity from 27 to 34 × 10−3 mm2/s.
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Hydrogen and power generation via integrated bio-oil sorption-enhanced steam reforming and solid oxide fuel cell systems: Economic feasibility analysis
(2021-03-19)
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Panpranot, Joongjai
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising technology for generating electricity and heat with high efficiency and environmental friendliness. The use of a bio-oil as a renewable and low-cost feedstock for an external reforming SOFC system can reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. From a technical perspective, high-purity hydrogen (H<inf>2</inf>) for SOFCs can be produced from the sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SESR). In this study, an economic analysis of a bio-oil SESR and SOFC integrated system (160 kW alternating current electricity production) is performed to evaluate the feasibility of the designed process. An economic comparison of the systems with different configurations, i.e., SESR-SOFC integrated systems with and without anode gas recirculation and a conventional reforming-based SOFC system (CON-SOFC), is presented in terms of their net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). According to the results, the SESR-SOFC system with anode gas recirculation is more favorable than the CON-SOFC system and SESR-SOFC system without recirculation. Nevertheless, it remains economically infeasible because its NPC in the 20th year is approximately 6.13% higher than that of the combined heat and power (CHP) system (a base case). However, it can attain economic equivalence with the CHP system when a carbon tax of at least $15 t<inf>CO<inf>2</inf></inf>−1 is considered or when the SOFC capital cost, interest rate, and bio-oil cost are separately reduced by 14%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. In addition, an increase in feed-in tariff has the highest impact on the NPC reduction of the renewable bio-oil SESR-SOFC integrated system with recirculation.
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Optimal design of different reforming processes of the actual composition of bio-oil for high-temperature PEMFC systems
(2017-01-26)
Authayanun, Suthida
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Saebea, Dang
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Hydrogen production from bio-oil, a by-product of the pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunches, using different reforming processes, i.e., steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX) and autothermal reforming (ATR), is theoretically investigated using the actual composition of bio-oil. The effect of the reaction temperature, steam to carbon (S/C) ratio and oxygen to carbon (O/C) ratio on the hydrogen production and coke formation of the reformers is analysed. Favourable operating conditions to inhibit carbon formation, to produce low CO concentrations and to achieve high hydrogen yields for the hydrogen production processes coupled with a high-temperature water-gas shift reactor (HT-WGSR) in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is also investigated. The results show that an S/C ratio above two is preferred for the bio-oil steam reformer to keep the CO concentration below the maximum allowable limit of the high-temperature PEMFC. However, the CO concentration in the product gas from an HT-WGSR integrated with an autothermal reformer and a partial oxidation reactor is lower than the 5% limit at all temperatures (300–1000 °C), S/C ratios (1–2) and O/C ratios (0.3–1) considered. The efficiency of different bio-oil reforming processes integrated with high-temperature PEMFC systems is studied. The highest system efficiency is achieved from the integrated system consisting of a bio-oil steam reformer, an HT-WGSR and a high-temperature PEMFC with heat integration.

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