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Assessing genetic diversity of Yellow Star tree using SRAP markers and efficacy of their endophytic fungi in biological control
(2023-05-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Tangthirasunun, N.
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Chareonsap, P. P.
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Poeaim, A.
The result showed that 52 fragments (64.22%) were polymorphic bands from seven combinations of Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The genetic relationship was analyzed using the UPGMA method by NTSYpc software version 2.11X showed a similarity coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0.98. Endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh leaves of Yellow Star (Schoutenia glomerata King subsp. peregrina (Craib) Roekm. & Hartono and identified by morphology and DNA barcoding. The fungi were identified in Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum siamense, Diaporthe arengae, Phyllosticta capitalensis, and Xylaria cubensis. The dual culture test evaluated the efficacy of endophytic fungi isolated from Yellow Star tree against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phomopsis asparagi causing disease in asparagus. The results revealed that X. cubensis had the potential to inhibit the spore germination of the C. gloeosporioides ASGC06 and P. asparagi ASGP04, which inhibited spore germination of 99.97 and 100 percent, respectively. However, this fungus should be further studied for biological control and bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Serratia marcescens KMITL2020 as a plant growth stimulant and bacterial antagonist to control brown leaf spot of rice caused by Drechslera oryzae
(2020-12-01)
Soytong, K.
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Unthuraloet, K.
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Danesh, Younes Rezaee
Serratia marcescens KMITL2020 proved to be growth stimulat and antagonistic to Drechslera oryzae causing brown leaf spot of rice caused by Drechslera oryzae. The brown leaf spot disease was isolated the causal agent which identified as Drechslera oryzae. Bi-culture test between D. oryzae and S. marcescens KMITL2020 inhibited spore production of the tested pathogen 44.12 %. It showed that crude extract from S. marcescens KMIT2020 gave effectively against D. oryzae which the effective dose (ED50) was 92.57 μg/ml. Result showed crude extract from S. marcescens and carbendazim treatments significantly controlled brown leaf spot caused by D. oryzae which reduced the disease of 25 % when compared to the non-treated control in 28 days. Plant growth parameters revealed that crude extract from S. marcescens gave significantly higher tillers, plant height, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant dried weight, root dried weight than carbendazim treatment when compared to the non-treated control.
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Application of seed coating with endophytic bacteria for Fusarium wilt disease reduction and growth promotion in tomato
(2020-01-01)
Koohakan, P.
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Prasom, P.
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Sikhao, P.
Tomato seed coating with endophytic bacteria (SuRW02) was used to control Fusarium wilt disease of tomato and stimulated plant growth in field conditions. Results showed that seed coating with isolate SuRW02 reduced disease incidence and severity which similar to seed coating with chemical fungicide (Captan). Seed coating with endophytic bacteria and Captan showed disease incidences of 38 and 25% and disease severity indices of 0.37 and 0.25, respectively. Uncoated seeds and seed coating without endophytic bacteria had a disease incidences of 70 and 50% and disease severity indices of 2.00 and 1.25, respectively. In addition, seed coating with endophytic bacteria promoted tomato plant growth and quality of tomato production.
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Antifungal activity of microbial nanoparticles derived from Chaetomium spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blast
(2020-01-01)
Song, Jiao Jiao
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Soytong, Kasem
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Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
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Poeaim, Supattra
The Magnaporthe oryzae isolate PO2 was proven to cause rice blast var. PSL 2 in this study. Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium lucknowense and Chaetomium brasiliense were antagonised to M. oryzae. The hexane extract of C. brasiliense gave the highest inhibition of the spore production with an ED<inf>50</inf> of 35 ppm, the EtOAC extract of C. lucknowense inhibited the spore production at 57 ppm and the EtOAC extracts of C. elatum inhibited the spore production at 106 ppm. The nano-CLM (C. lucknowense) inhibited the spore production at 5.24 ppm, the nano-CBH (C. brasiliense) inhibited the spore production at 6.86 ppm and the nano-CEE (C. elatum) inhibited the spore production at 7.89 ppm. The rice leaves treated with nano-CBH from C. brasiliense produced Sakuranertin and Oryzalexin B as seen on the thin layer chromatography where the Rf value was 0.08 assumed to be Sakuranertin, and the R<inf>f</inf> value of 0.28 supposed to be Oryzalexin B. It was found that the nanoparticles act as elicitors to induce immunity in rice plants through the production of phytoalexin.
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Biological control of anthracnose disease on banana var 'Namwa Mali-Ong' by Neosartorya species
(2018-12-01)
Pattarasaikul, W.
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Soytong, K.
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Poeaim, S.
The anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum musae on banana was controlled by biological control agents. Seven isolates of C. musae were collected from banana growing area in Suphanburi, Nakhonpathom, Ratchaburi and Nonthaburi province, Thailand. Pathogenicity was tested on fresh banana, and proved that isolates CMDC-01 and CMNM-01 were most aggressive isolates. These isolates were molecular phylogeny confirmed species. In vitro test was done by dual culture tecnique, two isolates of pathogen were tested against ten isolates of antagonistic fungi (Neosartorya hiratsukae, N. pseudofischeri, N, aureola, N. spinosa, N. fenneliae, Talaromyces muroii and T. trachyspermus). The result showed the best antagonistic isolate was N. pseudofischeri EU13 which inhibited C. musae CMDC-01 of 51.23% and N. fenneliae CHA03-A11 inhibited C. musae CMNM-01 of 59.85%.
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Nano-particles from Chaetomium brasiliense to control Phytophthora palmivora caused root rot disease in durian var Montong
(2018-12-01)
Tongon, R.
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Soytong, K.
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Kanokmedhakul, S.
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Kanokmedhakul, K.
The antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium brasiliense was tested to control Phytophthora palmivora causing rot disease of Durian (Durio zibithenus L.) var Montong by crude extracts and Nano-particles derived from Ch. brasiliense. Crude extracts of antagonistic fungus was tested for antifungal biological activities. The crude extracts from antagonistic fungus with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against P. palmivora. Crude ethyl acetate from Ch. brasiliense gave significantly against P. palmivora which the ED <inf>50</inf> values was 17.46 µg/ml. Testing Nano-particles were tested for antifungal activities. The results showed nano - particles from Ch. brasiliense gave effectively significantly inhibition of colony growth and spore production which the ED <inf>50</inf> values were 1.08 µg/ml, and 8.68 µg/ml respectively. Application of Nano - particles to control the P. palmivora causing root rot disease of durian in pot experiment was successfully done. The results showed nano-particles from Ch. brasiliense reduced the root rot disease on durain of 40%. The nano-particles from Ch. brasilense gave significiantly high plant growth which were 79.5 cm when compared to the non-trated control.
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Nano-particles from Cheatomium brasiliense against brown spot of rice
(2018-12-01)
Vareeket, R.
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Soytong, K.
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Kanokmedhakul, S.
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Kanokmedhakul, K.
Chaetomium brasiliense was used in this study to control rice brown spot disease pathogen, Drechslera oryzae. The result of bi-culture test showed that Ch. brasiliense gave the hightest percentage of growth inhibition at 26.38% and had the highest spore inhibition at 23.81%. In crude extracts test, it was found that crude methanol extract obtained from Ch. brasiliense at 1000 ppm showed the highest inhibitory effect on colony growth and spore production. Ch. brasiliense gave a growth inhibition and spore inhibition rates at 83.50 and 99.78% respectively. The effective dose (ED <inf>50</inf> ) on growth and spore inhibition of Ch. brasiliense was 80.54 and 0.35 µg/ml, respectively. It was also found that Nano-particles obtained from crude methanol extract of Ch. brasiliense (nano CBM) at 10 ppm had the best inhibitory effect in terms of growth and spore inhibition. Nano CBM can inhibit the growth at 70.00% and spore production at 79.92%. The ED <inf>50</inf> values for spore inhibition of Ch. brasiliense was 2.86 µg/ml.
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Biological control of brown leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and field application method on rice variety IR66 in Cambodia
(2017-01-01)
Tann, Huyly
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Soytong, Kasem
Curvularia lunata was found to cause a serious rice brown leaf spot in Cambodia. This is the first report of brown leaf spot on rice in Cambodia. All isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Dual culture antagonistic tests showed that Chaetomium cupreum inhibited sporulation of C. lunata when compared to the control. In a pot experiment, C. cupreum significantly reduced the incidence of brown leaf spot caused by C. lunata. After application of a spore suspension of C. cupreum, Chaetomium-biofungicide and chemical fungicide (tebuconazole) to rice seedlings inoculated with C. lunata, the disease was reduced by 68.79 %, 75.80 % and 72.41 %, respectively. In a field trial, the chemical method gave the best results in all plant parameters, followed by the good agricultural practice (GAP) and organic methods. The chemical method gave the highest panicle/plant, panicle length, panicle weight, grain weight/plant which were different from the GAP and organic methods. The chemical method also gave the best results in filled grain panicle-1, unfilled grain panicle-1, grain weight plot-1, dry hay weight plot-1, biomass weight plot-1 and harvest index, and was significantly better than the GAP and organic methods.
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Biological control of Phytophthora palmivora causing root rot of pomelo using Chaetomium spp.
(2015-01-01)
Hung, Phung Manh
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Wattanachai, Pongnak
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Kasem, Soytong
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Poaim, Supatta
Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of 26.5 μg/mL and 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.
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Efficacy of Chaetomium species as biological control agents against Phytophthora nicotianae root rot in citrus
(2015-01-01)
Hung, Phung Manh
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Wattanachai, Pongnak
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Kasem, Soytong
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Poeaim, Supattra
Thailand is one of the largest citrus producers in Southeast Asia. Pathogenic infection by Phytophthora, however, has become one of major impediments to production. This study identified a pathogenic oomycete isolated from rotted roots of pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand as Phytophthora nicotianae by the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Then, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium cupreum and their crude extracts as biological control agents in controlling this P. nicotianae strain. Represent as antagonists in biculture test, the tested Chaetomium species inhibited mycelial growth by 50~56% and parasitized the hyphae, resulting in degradation of P. nicotianae mycelia after 30 days. The crude extracts of these Chaetomium species exhibited antifungal activities against mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, with effective doses of 2.6~101.4 μg/mL. Under greenhouse conditions, application of spores and methanol extracts of these Chaetomium species to pomelo seedlings inoculated with P. nicotianae reduced root rot by 66~71% and increased plant weight by 72~85% compared to that in the control. The method of application of antagonistic spores to control the disease was simple and economical, and it may thus be applicable for large-scale, highly effective biological control of this pathogen.

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