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    An assessment of technical feasibility and interannual variability for utility scale wind energy development at five favourable locations in Myanmar
    (2026-12-01)
    Htike, Thein Min
    ;
    Soe, Paing Hein
    ;
    Phyo, Mi Zwe Mon
    Myanmar’s projected electricity demand of 14.542 GW by 2030 and its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) underscore the necessity of diversifying the national energy mix to enhance environmental sustainability. Solar and wind energy are targeted to contribute 9% of the total installed capacity. Consequently, a reliable assessment of renewable resources is essential for guiding investment and policy decisions. Although prior studies have mapped wind speed and power density, detailed analyses of the spatial and temporal variability of wind resources for energy production remain limited. This study evaluates wind conditions using 2010–2017 ERA5 data, focusing on mean wind speed, power density, predominant wind direction, and temporal variations at yearly, seasonal, monthly, and diurnal scales. Crucially, this work extends traditional assessments by quantifying wind persistence through autocorrelation and evaluating the Interannual Variability (IAV) of Annual Energy Production (AEP) to assess meteorological risks. Five potential locations were selected for detailed analysis using two utility-scale turbines. Annually, hours with wind speeds exceeding 6 m/s account for 23.21–35.08%, while hours with wind speeds exceeding 4 m/s represent 50.26–64.29%. Results identify Ngapudaw (Ayeyarwaddy) as the most favorable site, with an average AEP of 5.05 GWh, a capacity factor of 23.08%, and a moderate risk profile (7.83% IAV). While coastal site Sittwe exhibits high energy potential, it also presents greater interannual fluctuations (9.10% IAV); in contrast, inland sites like Wundwin offer exceptionally stable resources with an IAV < 5%. This quantitative assessment confirms the technical viability of wind power in Myanmar and supports further exploration of site-specific opportunities to expand renewable energy deployment. These findings provide a foundational justification for stakeholders, including investors and policymakers, to advance wind farm development, contributing to Myanmar’s environmental protection and sustainability goals in alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action).
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    Design optimization of wind power planning for a country of low-medium wind speed profile
    (2007-12-01)
    Chompoo-inwai, Chai
    ;
    Banjongjit, S.
    ;
    Leelajindakrairerk, M.
    ;
    Faungfoo, P.
    ;
    Lee, Wei Jen
    the emerging energy crisis results from a high-price of crude-oil has drawn attention about renewable energy all over the world. Thailand is a developing country located at the heart of Southeast Asia with about 66 million of population as of 2006. The ESI structure under the government of Thailand has been managed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), and Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) for almost 50 years. According to the 2004 Power Development Plan (PDP), the country would have generation reserve at a marginal of 15 percent. Due to the rapid economic growth and difficulty in building new centralized generating facilities, this has the potential to create a security issue of electricity energy shortage and may develop a severe system blackout. Renewable energy issues have been widely discussed and debated over the country. Although solar energy is the most prominent renewable energy source due to the appropriated geographic of Thailand, it still considered as a low-density energy source which requires a large area of installation. Therefore, for the long term investment, wind power seem to be a good candidacy since it is quick to get permission, need no fuel cost, and environmental friendly. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of penetration level of wind powered generation to be integrated into Thailand system. System stability has been observed in various system configurations change due to different control strategies of wind farms. The economics analysis of wind farm investment has been also considered. © 2007 IEEE.