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    Robot arm structure design using polyamide evaluated by finite element analysis
    (2020-01-01)
    Kaitwanidvilai, Somyot
    ;
    Buthgate, Siwawong
    ;
    Aoyama, Hisayuki
    ;
    Konghuayrob, Poom
    Robots have increasingly replaced humans for many jobs, including 24 h work, routine tasks, and dangerous jobs. However, the robot operating system has high power consumption in many processes. This has led to energy efficiency being the main focus. We have opted to build a robot with high strength, light weight, and low power consumption by reducing the weight of its components. Presently, we know that the structure of most robots in the world is made of metals, plastics, and composite materials. In this research, we designed the mechanical structure of robot arms with three different materials (cast iron, polyamide, and aluminum) using the finite element method to analyze and evaluate the possibilities of these materials. The dynamic load, power consumption, and mechanical characteristics were compared. It was found that polyamide could help lighten the weight by 40% and increase energy efficiency along with cost effectiveness by 41%. Although polyamide is particularly easy to find, cast iron is stronger than polyamide.
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    High temperature corrosion behaviour of aluminide-coated cast iron for an exhaust manifold application
    (2020-01-01)
    Kerdbua, Panya
    ;
    Bidabadi, Mohammad Hassan Shirani
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Somrerk
    To reduce the pollution emission from vehicles, an improvement on the combustion process is expected, leading to increased exhaust gas temperature. As a result, the development of new materials for an exhaust manifold used at higher temperatures is required. A cost-effective cast iron exhaust manifold treated by aluminising pack cementation was developed in the present work to combat the high temperature corrosion. Its kinetics under cyclic oxidation in N<inf>2</inf>-12%O<inf>2</inf>-10%H<inf>2</inf>O at 850 °C was parabolic with the rate constant (kp) of 5.66 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g<sup>2</sup> cm<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare cast iron, which indicated the protectiveness of the applied coating. These results relate to the protective alumina formation for the aluminised cast iron and the formation of the less protective iron oxides for the bare cast iron after oxidation, as evidenced by the XRD and Raman spectroscopy results. The addition of 10% water vapour to N2-12%O2 thickened the aluminide layer from 344 μm for the sample oxidised in dry atmosphere to 409 μm for the sample oxidised humidified one. It accelerated the oxidation rate of the aluminised cast iron as the kp value increased by 8.5 times, and also increased the hardness of the aluminised surface, as it was 364 HV for the sample exposed to dry atmosphere and 420 HV for the sample exposed to humidified one. The latter result implied the possibility of the hydrogen dissolution into the metal surface. The roles of hydroxyl ion and dissolved hydrogen on the oxidation and evolution of the aluminide layer after exposure to water vapour were proposed.