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    Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium brasiliense isolated from Thai rice
    (2022-01-01)
    Promgool, Trinop
    ;
    Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
    ;
    Leewijit, Thianrat
    ;
    Song, Jiaojiao
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (1-4), together with eight known depsidones (5-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium brasiliense, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (3, 8 and 10) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F (10) also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Besides, mollicellin B (11) exhibited cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line. Moreover, most of the isolated depsidones displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and several of them showed moderate activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of S. aureus. In addition, a few of them also showed moderate activity against a Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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    Mycotoxins from the Fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum
    (2017-02-22)
    Rajachan, Oue Artorn
    ;
    Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    ;
    Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
    Two new sterigmatocystin derivatives, oxisterigmatocystins E and F (1 and 2, respectively), along with nine known compounds, oxisterigmatocystins G and H (3 and 4, respectively), sterigmatocystin (5), N-0532B (6), O-methylsterigmatocystin (7), N-0532A (8), 6-O-methylversicolorin A (9), 6,8-O-dimethylversicolorin A (10), and 8-O-methylaverufin (11), were isolated from the fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum. The structures of these mycotoxins were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Among these, compounds 3, 4, and 9 were discovered as natural products for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 displayed antimalarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum (IC<inf>50</inf> = 7.9-23.9 μM). In addition, compounds 1-6 and 8-11 exhibited cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7, and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC<inf>50</inf> = 0.38-78.6 μM). However, compounds 1-9 showed cytotoxic effects against the Vero cell line (IC<inf>50</inf> = 0.65-12.3 μM). This finding should promote awareness of the contamination of B. piluliferum in the food chain and agricultural soil.
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    Chaetomium siamense sp. nov., a soil isolate from Thailand, produces a new chaetoviridin, G
    (2011-01-01)
    Pornsuriya, Chaninun
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    ;
    Poeaim, Supattar
    ;
    Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
    ;
    Khumkomkhet, Primmala
    Chaetomium siamense sp. nov., isolated from soil in a pineapple plantation in Thailand, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. cupreum in having superficial globose or ovate ascomata with red circinate ascomatal hairs but can be distinguished by its fusiform ascospores with two apical germ pores. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data also supports C. siamense as distinct. Investigation of the secondary metabolites of C. siamense led to the isolation of one new (chaetoviridin G) and seven known compounds (ergosterol, 24(R)-5á,8á-epidioxyergosta-6-22-diene- 3â-ol, ergosterylplamitate, cochliodone D, chaetoviridin A, chaetoviridin F, chrysophanol). © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.