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    Adulticidal activity against houseflies (Musca domestica L.; Muscidae: Diptera) of combinations of Cymbopogoncitratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils and their major constituents
    (2023-05-01)
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    The efficacies of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptol, geranial, and their combined formulations against houseflies (Musca domestica) were evaluated and compared to cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. Using a standard susceptibility assay that the World Health Organization (WHO) advises, the knockdown and mortality rates were calculated. The tested concentration range of these essential oils and their constituents was between 1% to 5%. The highest efficacy (100% knockdown rate and mortality rate) were provided by a combined formulation of 2% E. globulus EO + 1% geranial. This formulation had a KT<inf>50</inf> of 4.27 min. The two next best formulations were 2% C. citratus EO + 1% eucalyptol that provided a KT<inf>50</inf> of 5.85 min and an individual 5% C. citratus EO that provided a KT<inf>50</inf> of 6.69 min. Most importantly, several tested formulations provided a higher knockdown rate than 1% cypermethrin. Therefore, these formulations have a full potential as an alternative natural insecticide to replace cypermethrin.
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    Adulticidal activity against housefly (Musca domestica L.; Muscidae: Diptera) of eucalyptol, limonene, and their combined formulation
    (2022-01-01)
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    The insecticidal potency of eucalyptol, limonene, and a combined formulation against housefly (Musca domestica) was evaluated and compared to that of cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. The knockdown and mortality rates were determined by a standard susceptibility assay recommended by World Health Organization. The tested concentrations of eucalyptol and limonene were 1, 5, and 10%, while the combined formulation was 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene. The highest efficacy (100% mortality rate) was provided by the combined formulation (5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene). Both individual essential oil constituents provided a mortality rate ranging from 10.7-82.0% and a knockdown rate ranging from 8.0-81.3%. Most importantly, the 5% eucalyptol + 5% limonene combined formulation provided as high a mortality and knockdown rate as that of 10% cypermethrin. Therefore, it has a good potential as a safer and equivalently effective, natural product alternative to cypermethrin.