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    Dragon fruit peel waste improves gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition in rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet
    (2026-06-01)
    Chumroenvidhayakul, Siriwan
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    Thilavech, Thavaree
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    Abeywardena, Mahinda
    ;
    Wang, Yanan
    ;
    Kamonsuwan, Kritmongkhon
    AbstractA Western-style diet high in fat and fructose has been linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP), a by-product rich in dietary fiber and phytochemicals, on fecal characteristics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, cecal microbial composition, and intestinal barrier function in rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHFr) diet. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: control, control + 5 % DFP, HFHFr, and HFHFr + 5 % DFP for 12 weeks. DFP supplementation increased fecal moisture and lipid excretion while reducing fecal pH. In HFHFr-fed rats, DFP mitigated gut barrier impairment and suppressed the metabolic endotoxemia by upregulating tight-junction gene expression and reducing TLR4 expression, and serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. Furthermore, DFP modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, enriching beneficial SCFA-producing genera, and suppressing potentially pathogenic taxa. These microbial shifts were accompanied by a significant increase in cecal SCFA concentrations. These findings indicate that DFP supplementation improves gut barrier integrity markers and beneficially modulates the gut microbiota in HFHFr-fed rats, highlighting its potential as a sustainable functional ingredient to support gastrointestinal health.
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    Lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract: Anti-helicobacter pylori
    (2024-06-03)
    Techo, Sujitra
    ;
    Kingkaew, Engkarat
    ;
    Tanasupawat, Somboon
    Numerous bacterial species have been found throughout the human GI tract, which consists of the oral cavity, stomach, intestine, and colon. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus (L. ) acidophilus, L. salivarius, L. johnsonii, L. crispatus, L. casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. oris, L. vaginalis, L. gasseri, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, L. mali, L. ruminis, L. delbrueckii, L. sakei, L. fermentum, L. helviticus, and L. brevis ; Streptococcus ( S. ) salivarius, S. pneumonia, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. parasanguinis, S. anginosus, S. constellatus, S. caprinus, and S. mutans ; Leuconostoc (Ln. ) mesenteroides and Ln. argentinum ; Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis; and Enterococcus (En. ) strains, are distributed throughout the human GI tract. The bacterial microbiota in humans changes when infected with Helicobacter (H. ) pylori. Moreover, antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the regimen influence microbial microbiota. However, alteration of bacterial diversity is rather complicated and has conflicting effects. To maintain microbial balance in the GI tract, several studies have used probiotics as adjunctive therapy to reduce the number of H. pylori in infected humans, replacing antibiotics alone. Probiotics have shown a higher eradication rate of H. pylori when compared with antibiotics alone. Bacteriocin production by LAB is one of the interesting mechanisms that can inhibit the growth of H. pylori. Bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances exhibiting antibacterial properties against H. pylori have been reported. These active peptides could be exploited to develop novel therapeutics for treating H. pylori infection.