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    Effects of temperature and water vapour on Cr-species volatilisation, oxidation and scale adhesion of a Type 409L stainless steel for application as interconnect of low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
    (2024-06-01)
    Homjabok, Wanna
    ;
    Tengprasert, Watcharapon
    ;
    Thublaor, Thammaporn
    ;
    Wiman, Panya
    ;
    Nilsonthi, Thanasak
    Though the classical transport theory does not mathematically express the Arrhenius-like relation between Cr-loss flux due to volatilisation and absolute temperature, such relation was experimentally observed for 409L stainless steel exposed at 600–750 °C. Volatilisation calculation in the present cases can be estimated giving such relation because of the nearly linear relation between mass transfer coefficient and temperature. Cr-loss fluxes in O<inf>2</inf> with 20 and 40 % H<inf>2</inf>O are close to or coincided with the fluxes calculated from MnCr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> evaporation. Increasing water vapour could enhance volatilisation contributed from the raised CrO<inf>2</inf>(OH)<inf>2</inf> pressure, reduce oxidation rate, and worsen scale adhesion.
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    Oxidation and volatilisation behaviour of a type 430 stainless steel coated by Mn-Co oxide by slurry method with pre-oxidation for SOFC interconnect application
    (2021-07-15)
    Chandra-ambhorn, Somrerk
    ;
    Homjabok, Wanna
    ;
    Chandra-ambhorn, Walairat
    ;
    Thublaor, Thammaporn
    ;
    Siripongsakul, Thamrongsin
    An AISI 430 stainless steel was coated by Mn-Co spinel using a slurry method. Pre-oxidation before the coating helped reduce the oxidation rate of the coated steel at 800 °C in O<inf>2</inf>-5%H<inf>2</inf>O, relating to the formation of the continuous chromia layer which inhibited the outward diffusion of iron to the coating layer. It also helped reduce the mass flux of Cr loss due to the volatilisation. The combined molecular and Knudsen diffusion of the volatile species through the coating layer was suggested to explain the reduced volatilisation rate of the coated sample with pre-oxidation.
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    Development of sofc interconnect stainless steels
    (2020-01-01)
    Chevalier, Sébastien
    ;
    Combemale, Lionel
    ;
    Popa, Ioana
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Somrerk
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    The chapter introduces components and working principle of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It is followed by the explanation on the choices of materials focussing on ferritic stainless steels. The review is further made on the required properties of these steels, i.e. low oxidation rate, low chromium species volatilisation rate, high electrical conductivity and good scale adhesion. For the oxidation aspect, the behaviour of stainless steel interconnect in cathode, anode (hydrogen and biogas), and dual atmospheres are described. Surface modification by pre-oxidation and coatings to improve the oxide electrical conductivity and to reduce chromium species volatilisation is finally reviewed.
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    Advanced microstructural investigations of AISI 441 early stage oxidation in wet atmosphere
    (2017-01-01)
    Wongpromrat, Wichitra
    ;
    Parry, Valérie
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, Somrerk
    ;
    Galerie, Alain
    AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel is a good candidate for metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The minor elements Ti and Nb are used to stabilize the ferritic matrix and also to reduce creep by a combination of solid solution strengthening and precipitation of intermetallic Laves phase particles along the grain boundaries. However their influence on the oxidation behavior is not well understood. This study focuses on the early stages oxidation (from 4 to 24 h) at 800°C of AISI 441 under 5% H<inf>2</inf>O in O<inf>2</inf>. A relatively smooth micro-crystallized oxide scale and Ti, Nb containing nodules are observed. The internal microstructure of these objects is studied by FIB tomography which allows computing cross sectional views in any direction of interest. FIB study reveals a complex microstructure and a development strongly linked to the presence of niobium and/or titanium in the substrate.
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    Optimisation of metallic interconnects for hydrogen production by high temperature water vapour electrolysis
    (2012-01-01)
    Ardigo, M. R.
    ;
    Parry, V.
    ;
    Popa, I.
    ;
    Chevalier, S.
    ;
    Chandra-Ambhorn, W.
    For economical and environmental reasons, hydrogen is considered as a major energetic vector for the future. Hydrogen production via high temperature water vapour electrolysis (HTE) is a promising technology. A major technical difficulty related to high temperature water vapour electrolysis is the development of interconnects working efficiently for a long period. Working temperature of 800°C enables the use of metallic materials as interconnects. Chromia forming alloys are among the best candidates. The interconnect material chosen in the present study is a ferritic stainless steel with 18% chromium content. High temperature corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of the alloy was tested in both cathode (H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>2</inf>O) and anode (O<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>2</inf>O) atmospheres. Corrosion products were then characterized by SEM-EDX and XRD. Moreover chromium evaporation measurements were carried out under anode atmosphere. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.