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    Item type:Publication,
    Answer Set Programming for Bus Route Finding: A Case Study in Bangkok, Thailand
    (2026-01-01)
    Racharak, Teeradaj
    ;
    Mon, Su Yee
    ;
    Chawuthai, Rathachai
    Finding user-satisfied bus routes subject to the minimal travel time and the number of route transfers is a challenging problem in transportation networks. In our context, bus routes and bus stations form a directed graph. Thus, a solution to finding the user-satisfied bus routes is a route path between two given stations satisfying a collection of different user's constraints. While this problem could be related to existing research, such as, the study of graph traversal and path finding algorithms. We show that our problem is more suited to formalizing the navigation system in terms of several related answer set programs (ASPs), where each module has its own isolated function, rather than treating like common graph traversal problems such as the well-known Dijkstra's algorithm, which only provides a statically single solution with lowest cost. Our empirical study with a real-world bus network data confirms that our ASPs encoding works in producing a wide range of high-quality solutions, offering more flexibilities between different optimization criteria, compared with the fixed Dijkstra's optimization results. The findings show promise for extending to richer transit representations and optimization objectives beyond the two considered here.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The ORM model as a knowledge representation for E-tutorial systems
    (2004-11-23)
    Leelawatananon, Thanaporn
    ;
    Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
    At present information technology plays important roles in teaching and learning activities. E-learning systems have the potential to reduce operating costs and train more people. Teachers and students do not have to be in the same place at the same time and the students have the opportunity to perform self-studies and self-evaluation using e-tutorial systems. E-learning systems could be considered expert systems in the sense that they provide expert advice in particular subjects of studies to students. The exploitation of knowledge base and knowledge representation techniques is therefore vital to the development of e-learning systems. This paper presents the development of a knowledge-based e-tutorial system that uses the Object Role Model (ORM) as its knowledge representation. The system provides Physics tutorials. It was implemented in Prolog and the knowledge base is on a relational database server.
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