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Sustainable paving blocks by the combination of plastic waste and sand
(2026-06-01)
Srisuwan, Anuwat
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Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
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Laorodphan, Nattapol
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Chaiyaput, Salisa
Drinking water from plastic bottles offers convenience and perceived safety compared to tap water, resulting in widespread consumption and substantial plastic waste accumulation. An average individual consumes around 2.0 L of bottled water daily, significantly contributing to environmental plastic pollution. Addressing this issue, this research highlights and investigates an innovative solution by evaluating the potential of recycling plastic waste into paving blocks. Specifically, the study is based on the assumption that plastic materials commonly found in bottled water packaging, which are Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from bottles, Polypropylene (PP) from labels, and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) from bottle caps, can act as an effective binder to combine with sand without the use of cement to produce the paving blocks. The investigation assesses critical physical and mechanical properties of the developed paving blocks, including apparent density, porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength, across varying proportions of plastic waste ranging from 30% to 70% by weight. The key results indicate that PET, PP, and HDPE waste can be effectively used to produce paving blocks with compressive strengths ranging from 14.57 to 22.03 MPa, with water absorption below 15%. The study identifies an optimal plastic content between 50% and 60% by weight, yielding paving blocks with satisfactory strength and durability. This research underscores a sustainable and practical approach to mitigating plastic waste, contributing valuable insights toward circular economic initiatives and environmental sustainability.
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Enhancing Pyrolysis Oil From Landfill Waste Plastic With Industrial Waste Catalyst
(2026-01-01)
Aurreethum, Kittipob
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
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Khemkhao, Maneerat
This study investigates the production of catalytic pyrolysis oil from 10-year-old landfilled plastic waste in Nonthaburi Province. The study performs pyrolysis of plastic waste using calcined fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and bottom ash (BA) catalysts, focusing on their potential as alternative fuels. A fixed bed reactor operates at different temperatures 350-500°C, with optimal results achieved at 450°C. The maximum oil yield was achieved at 500 ◦C (47.00 %wt.) and at 450°C with calcined FCC (42.64 %wt.). The maximum heating value reached 45.77 MJ/kg using the BA catalyst. Chemical composition analysis via FT-IR and GC-MS revealed hydrocarbons, primarily alkenes and alkanes. The presence of aromatics and hydrocarbons (C<inf>5</inf> − C<inf>11</inf> and C<inf>12</inf> − C<inf>20</inf>) increased with catalyst use, approaching petroleum fuel properties. The most prevalent composition consisted of hydrocarbons in the C<inf>5</inf> − C<inf>20</inf> range, with a peak area of 84.65 % obtained from pyrolysis at 450°C using the calcined FCC catalyst. Furthermore, the gas products are analyzed using a gas analyzer. High levels of H2 and low levels of CO<inf>2</inf> and SO<inf>2</inf> emissions indicate that the process can produce an alternative fuel while generating fewer greenhouse gases. This research is consistent with the circular economy’s concepts, promoting sustainability and utilized resource efficiency.
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Plastic waste reduction through catalyzing motivational factors: Implications for sustainable development goals in emerging economies
(2025-06-01)
Taqi, Hasin Md Muhtasim
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Salman, Sheak
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Ahmed, Sayem
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Taghipour, Amirhossein
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Mazumder, Nirjhar
Plastic pollution is increasingly recognized as a global crisis, driven by excessive production, consumption, and careless disposal of plastic materials. As plastic pollution endangers the environment, animal life, and human health, global awareness is growing. Unanticipated growth in plastic waste poses a grave threat to emerging economies. Hence, all members of the plastic value chain are required to contribute to the reduction of plastic waste. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the motivational factors influencing stakeholders' decisions to decrease their plastic consumption in emerging economies. Utilizing a combination of Single-Valued Neutrosophic (SVN) approaches and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the most crucial factors are identified. The finding shows that, “internal motivators” is the most important context and in this context, “pressure from investors and shareholders for manufacturing sustainable products” and “demoralizing single-use plastic” are the most influential motivational factors for reducing plastic waste. The findings have implications for consumers, businesses, and policymakers. Through an awareness of these motivating factors, stakeholders can put specific initiatives into place to encourage a sustainable culture and reduce the detrimental impacts of plastic pollution on the environment and society. Overall, this study offers a thorough framework for dealing with plastic waste in emerging economies, directing future efforts towards practical solutions.
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Induction heating pyrolysis of landfilled plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbon fuels
(2025-03-01)
Phongsakun, Kittiphon
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Chaiyaraksa, Chompoonut
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Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon
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Kachapongkun, Pongsakorn
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
This research investigated the pyrolysis process for plastic waste treatment using induction heating. The induction system involved a coil wrapped around insulated material to generate heat. The plastic waste was sourced from the Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) sorting process from a 15-year-old landfill in the province of Nonthaburi, Thailand. The pyrolysis was performed at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600°C with a batch reactor. The highest yield of pyrolysis oil was 27.6% wt. at 600°C. Energy consumption for converting plastic waste into oil ranged between 9.50 and 13.36 kWh, with the highest consumption at 600 °C. The produced pyrolysis oil at 600°C achieved the highest HHV of 41.33 MJ/kg. The GC/MS analysis of the pyrolysis oil revealed an increase in aromatic and hydrocarbons (C5-C11 and C12-C20) with rising temperature. These carbon fractions are suitable replacements for heavy oil or diesel fuel, as low-oxygenated compounds, and hydrocarbon content in pyrolysis oil are desirable. The amount of char produced at 400°C was the highest, with a yield that ranged from 45.2% wt. to 67.0% wt. Moreover, the pyrolysis process has a significant advantage in lowering greenhouse gas emissions (0.21–0.25% vol.), which releases less CO2 than the combustion of plastic waste. The findings therefore suggest that pyrolysis oil, which is produced under optimum conditions, can be used as a substitute liquid fuel in the industrial sector, and is consistent with the circular economy's concepts, promoting sustainability and utilizing resource efficiency.
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PROTOTYPE OF A MARINE ANIMAL SCULPTURE FROM PLASTIC WASTE: ROLE IN PROMOTING THE IMAGE OF THAI TOURISM
(2025-01-01)
Donprasri, Surachai
Plastic waste poses a significant threat to communities and the environment. Urban waste overflow is a direct consequence of large-scale economic, social, and industrial expansion that prioritizes the mass production of plastics for everyday use. This has led to an accumulation of plastic waste that is difficult to dispose of and has contributed to the endangerment of marine species such as sea turtles, dolphins, whales, and dugongs. Moreover, plastic pollution has caused ecological degradation due to the contamination of microplastics, which pose risks to human health and negatively impact Thailand's tourism industry. This paper aims to design and create a prototype of a marine animal sculpture made from plastic waste for installation at Cha-am Beach, Phetchaburi Province. The objectives of this study are to create and evaluate a prototype of a marine animal sculpture made from plastic waste, assess tourists' awareness of responsible tourism through viewing the sculpture illuminated with nighttime lighting, and promote tourism and environmental awareness. This research incorporates the simulacra consumption theory and reviews relevant literature on art, particularly focusing on plastic whale sculptures. It is hoped that this creative artwork will enhance Thailand's tourism image and raise awareness among tourists about the issue of marine plastic pollution, which has led to ecological degradation due to microplastic contamination and has negatively impacted the tourism industry.
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Pyrolysis Oil Produced from Landfill Waste Plastic with Calcined Fly Ash Catalyst
(2024-01-01)
Aureethum, Kittipob
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Khemkhao, Maneerat
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Chumchery, Nipon
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Kaewpengkrow, Prangtip Rittichote
This research investigated catalytic pyrolysis fuel oil production from waste plastic sourced from a 10-year-old landfill in Nonthaburi Province. The aim is to study the effect of catalysts on producing pyrolysis fuel oil resembling commercial diesel. A bench-scale fixed bed reactor with an 18.85-liter volume was operated at 450°C, using fly ash waste and calcined fly ash at 600°C and 700°C. The chemical composition of the produced pyrolysis oil was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Heating values were determined with a bomb calorimeter. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially alkenes, and alkanes, were the main components of the pyrolysis oil. The highest yields were 53.8% from calcined fly ash at 600°C and 37.3% from fly ash at 700°C. The maximum heating value from raw fly ash was 45.77 MJ/kg. The resulting pyrolysis oil can serve as an alternative liquid fuel in industry.
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Hot, tropical and thirsty: An analysis of bottled water consumer satisfaction in Thailand
(2019-01-01)
Thalang, Dumrong Pratheep Na
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Sornsaruht, Puris
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Pimdee, Paitoon
With nearly 40 million foreign tourists per year, Thailand consumes an average of 57.5 gallons of water per capita per year, which makes Thailand the second largest per-person consumer of bottled water in the world. As the global average is only 13.2 gallons per person per year, both tourists and residents have an insatiable thirst for bottled water. Therefore, the authors undertook a study to investigate the factors that influence bottled water consumer satisfaction (CS). Furthermore, an examination of the interrelationships between the variables corporate social responsibility (CSR), brand trust (BT), and brand image (BI) and their effect on CS were also analysed by use of LISREL 9.1 software. Results from the 489 consumer sample group obtained from across five major areas of Thailand, determined that all the model's variables had a positive effect on CS as there was a combined 78% variance of influence on CS. Ranked in importance, factors influencing CS were CSR (TE=0.89), BT (TE=0.68), and BI (TE=0.29), respectively. Furthermore, from the consumers' questionnaire concerning their preference for a bottled water brand (Singha, Crystal, Nestlé, Namthip, and Pepsi's Aquafina), 31.29% indicated a preference for Singha. Additionally, from the results of the analysis on CSR, the authors concluded that was a heightened awareness amongst consumers and travellers about the environment and plastic bottle waste. It was suggested by the authors that bottled water companies need to develop CSR campaigns that are focused on plastic waste reduction and cleanup activities. Additionally, they need to take their efforts 'to the people', and tell each consumer why and how they are contributing to not only Thailand's environmental well-being but the world as well.

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