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    The influence of root-crack dynamics on soil water infiltration across seasonal variations
    (2025-12-01)
    Yuliana, Yuliana
    ;
    Apriyono, Arwan
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    Munirwan, Reza Pahlevi
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    Feng, Song
    ;
    Kamchoom, Viroon
    Soil infiltration plays a vital role in the hydrological cycle, impacting water absorption and availability for crops. Accurate infiltration measurements are crucial for improving water management in agricultural systems. This study observed the interaction of root growth and crack to the infiltration rate with influence of wetting drying conditions. Over an 18-month period, a double-ring infiltrometer test was applied to directly assess infiltration rates in both bare and vegetated zones. A minirhizotron camera was used to capture the root growth and decay defined as Root Area Ratio (RAR) and crack defines as crack intensity factor (CIF). The findings reveal that root growth peaked at 6.3 % during the first cycle but declined to 4.5 % in the second dry summer due to water stress and root decay. Vegetated zone also experienced lower CIF compared to bare zone. Infiltration rates increased significantly during dry periods, with the bare zone reaching a final rate of 1.63 × 10⁻⁶ m/s and vegetated zones showing up to an 8-fold increase in the second cycle. These findings underscore the critical role of root dynamics and soil cracking in regulating water infiltration. For agricultural systems, understanding these processes is essential for developing effective soil management and irrigation strategies that improve infiltration, enhance soil stability, and optimize crop productivity.
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    Seasonal dynamics of root growth and desiccation cracks and their effects on soil hydraulic conductivity
    (2025-04-01)
    Yuliana, Yuliana
    ;
    Apriyono, Arwan
    ;
    Kamchoom, Viroon
    ;
    Boldrin, David
    ;
    Cheng, Qing
    Vegetation significantly influences soil hydraulic conductivity, with the extent of this influence depending on root morphology and density, which vary across different developmental stages of plants. This research investigates the interaction dynamics between plant roots (during both growth and decay) and desiccation cracks, as well as the combined impact of vegetation, cracks, and seasonal variations on soil hydraulic conductivity (K<inf>sat</inf>). Root growth and decay patterns were observed using a minirhizotron, while changes in crack formation were monitored and interpreted using the Crack Intensity Factor (CIF) for both vegetated and bare areas over an eighteen-month period of wetting and drying cycles. K<inf>sat</inf> was analysed based on data from a double-ring test. The findings indicate that the presence of vetiver roots results in a less visible and uneven crack distribution compared to bare soil, with CIF and average crack widths reduced by half. However, cracks reappear during root decay periods. Although cracks were minimised in vegetated soil, K<inf>sat</inf> values increased significantly during dry periods, with a 16-fold rise in the vegetated zone due to root propagation, while the bare zone showed a marginal 5-fold increase. The presence of cracks and roots significantly influences K<inf>sat</inf>, exhibiting distinct hysteresis behaviour in response to drying and wetting cycles.
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    The impact of sodium chloride on root growth, cell division, and interphase silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells of Allium cepa L.
    (2009-06-17)
    Teerarak, Montinee
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    Bhinija, Kisana
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    Thitavasanta, Sompop
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    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    To evaluate genetic damage, parameters including root growth, chromosomal aberrations, and interphase silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells of Allium cepa L. were investigated after treatment with NaCl (40-160 mM). The results showed that NaCl caused a decrease in root growth. All concentrations of NaCl showed an inhibitory effect on dividing cells in root tips of A. cepa L. and caused a reduction in mitotic index values. Upon exposure to NaCl, roots exhibited various mitotic abnormalities, including c-mitosis, anaphase bridge, and chromosome stickiness. In addition, interphase cells with micronuclei, budding nuclei, and unequal-sized nuclei were observed. Moreover, total cell aberration increased with increasing NaCl concentration. For AgNOR parameters, the average number of AgNORs per nucleus decreased in roots treated at all NaCl concentrations. The singular AgNOR area and whole AgNOR area in the nucleus containing 1-3 AgNORs were inversely proportional to NaCl concentrations. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.