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Sustainable Air Purifiers for Thai Smart Cities: Integrating Circular Economy and Public Health in Municipal Innovation
(2026-06-01)
Taghipour, Amirhossein
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Saengnoree, Amnuay
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Sangmanee, Woranat
Rapid urbanization and economic growth in Thailand have intensified urban air-quality challenges, especially PM2.5 pollution associated with agricultural burning, industrial emissions, and traffic congestion. Municipal governments are therefore exploring technological interventions that can complement conventional emission-control policies in the transition toward healthier smart cities. One promising approach is the deployment of sustainable outdoor air-purifier towers equipped with high-speed fans, jet scrubbers, and IoT-based monitoring systems. Early pilots, including the MQDC FahSai Mini tower, have demonstrated substantial dust-reduction potential and real-time data integration with public air-quality platforms. This study develops an interdisciplinary framework that connects public health, circular economy principles, technology adoption, and sustainable urban design. We examine how environmental awareness, perceived effectiveness, social influence, perceived cost, health anxiety, and value co-creation shape adoption intention and behavior toward municipal air-purification systems in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, and Phuket. Using mixed methods, including interviews and survey data from 320 stakeholders, residents, and officials, and analyzing the data through CFA and SEM, the study finds that environmental awareness and perceived effectiveness positively influence adoption, while perceived cost reduces it. Value co-creation emerges as the strongest driver of adoption intention and mediates the role of social influence. Scenario analysis further indicates that the deployment of 10–15 purifier towers could reduce PM2.5 by approximately 30–40% and generate meaningful health-related economic benefits. The discussion now more explicitly addresses the end-of-life management of saturated filter media, the role of multi-level governance and redistributive financing for urban equity, and the importance of addressing technological anxiety to secure a durable social license for deployment.
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Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)
(2023-07-01)
Kolbasov, Gregory A.
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Savchenko, Alexandra S.
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Yu, Meng Chen
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Tsao, Yao Feng
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Ganmanee, Monthon
Petrarca is an ascothoracidan endoparasite in scleratinian dendrophyllid corals. Petrarca can stimulate coral growth, forming a gall chamber to house itself inside the coral skeleton. The diversity, molecular phylogeny and feeding ecology of Petrarca are understudied. This is the first study of Petrarca to be based on light and scanning electron microscopy to document the fine-scale external and functional morphology of its trophi and other structures. A combined molecular and morphological approach revealed at least four closely related species of Petrarca, P. goanna, P. morula, Petrarca nozawai sp. nov. and Petrarca rubus sp. nov. in Turbinaria and Astreopora corals in Asia. Carapace shape and fine morphology, ultrastructure of the antennular aesthetasc, morphological characteristics of the trophi and the shape and size of the penis rami are diagnostic characters. Several morphological characters, which are all probably synapomorphies, have been proposed to distinguish the genus Petrarca from other Ascothoracida. Mouthparts morphology of Petrarca are developed for cutting and chewing, rather than for piercing and sucking as in many other Ascothoracida. The external surface of the carapace of Petrarca is ornamented with densely packed secretory papillae used putatively for the chemical dissolution of the substrate necessary for the formation of the gall chamber.
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Value-added asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) as healthy snacks using vacuum frying
(2023-01-01)
Maisont, Suchada
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Samutsri, Wisutthana
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Khamweera, Pemika
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Phae-ngam, Wuttichai
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Limsuwan, Pichet
This study investigated the possibility of using asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) to produce healthy snacks using vacuum frying. The tip and middle part of asparagus Grade C were soaked in 0.1% Calcium chloride solution and blanched at 95–98°C for 45 s, immediately soaked in water at 30°C for 2 min and packed in the bags to freeze at −18°C before vacuum frying. The samples were fried at 80°C and 986 mbar for 38, 40 and 42 min, and then excess oil in the sample was removed by a centrifuge before being measured properties. The effects of different frying times on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the vacuum-fried asparagus were analysed. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the structure of the vacuum-fried product. The result reveals that increasing frying time decreased moisture content, a<inf>w</inf>, yield, greenness value and crispiness of vacuumed snacks but increased lightness and yellowness values. SEM showed that vacuumed snacks with increasing frying time resulted in a gradual increase in the size of pores inside the product. When the frying time increased to 42 min, collapsed pores were observed, indicating a breakdown structure. A sensory evaluation of seasonings on vacuum-fried asparagus found that fried asparagus with truffle seasoning had the highest preference levels for all sensory attributes. The truffle seasoned fried asparagus at 80°C under vacuum at a pressure of 986 mbar for 40 min contained protein and fibre content of 14.21 and 15.55%, respectively, vitamin A and beta-carotene of 2.717 μg and 16.30 μg, respectively, and calcium and iron of 182.68 mg and 2.88 mg, respectively. Microorganisms found are under the regulated amount according to the Notification of the Ministry of Public Health. This study demonstrates that asparagus Grade C can be used to produce healthy and acceptable fried snacks.
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Polarization phase shifting for thickness measurement of NiO material transport layer using Sagnac interferometer
(2023-01-01)
Usman, Abdullahi
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Thonglim, Pachara
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Bhatranand, Apichai
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Pimanpang, Samuk
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Buranasiri, Prathan
The optical interferometric technique with polarization phase shifting has been realized as one of the most important techniques for optical non-contact measurements. However, the measurement of thin film thickness using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been inconvenient due to the high cost of maintenance. This research aims to measure the thickness of the Hole Transport Material Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) layer deposited on a glass substrate (NiO/FTO layer) using phase shifting in a Sagnac interferometer. In the experimental setup, the signal is split into the FTO reference arm and the NiO/FTO sample arm using a nonpolarizing beam splitter. The split signals are then detected through a balanced photodetector. By analyzing the signal intensities at polarization settings ranging from 0° to 90°, the phase shift and thickness of the NiO layer can be determined. In this study, a NiO thickness value of 281.64 nm was successfully achieved. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed measurement method, the percentage error between the proposed technique and the conventional SEM method was computed. The percentage error was found to be 0.23%. These results indicate that the proposed setup holds promise as a cost-effective alternative to SEM for measuring thin film thickness.
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A SEM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF UNETHICAL STAKEHOLDER BEHAVIORS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT FAILURES: AN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY STUDY
(2022-03-01)
Gomarn, Pittayaporn
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Pongpeng, Jakrapong
Continued unethical behavior by stakeholders within the oil and gas construction industry has a possible impact on the failure of many projects. This study therefore aims to investigate the impact of this type of behavior on the oil and gas construction industry. A conceptual framework was developed from both a literature review and interviews with 8 experts working on oil and gas construction projects in Myanmar, Malaysia and Thailand. A 31-item questionnaire was used to measure the 304 responses, from which a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model (SEM) were developed to investigate this impact. The results revealed that the most significant direct impact on a project's failure was a main contractor's unethical behavior. Furthermore, the study determined that the unethical behaviors of the consultant and designer had no direct impact on a project's failure but that there was an impact of the owner's unethical behavior. Ranked in order of importance, the indicators of a project failure are as follows: stakeholders' dissatisfaction; cost overrun; time overrun; negative effects on health, safety and environment; quality defects; and dispute and litigation. The results provide a guideline for developing a code of ethics to conduct unethical behavior investigations, which will help decrease future project failures.
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Microstructure of ITO for Transparent Electrode on Glass Slide Prepare by RF Sputtering Technique
(2021-05-29)
Sangwaranatee, N.
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Srithanachai, I.
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Niemcharoen, S.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an absorber photovoltaic material and widely used for semiconductor work for long time. ITO has characteristics by high transparent and low resistivity that can use for electrode of photodetector. Area of photodetector has use for metal contact but if change metal contact to transparent contact will get more photocurrent. However, this paper will investigate microstructure of ITO by analyze physical properties of material by various deposite time. The results show that transparent properties show around 97% at growth 1h and annealing at 500 C. XRD results show ITO peak (222), (400), (622) and (441) at sputtering time 60 mins.
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Social sustainability: Satisfying owners and communities by multilevel strategies of contractors
(2020-03-01)
Kawesittisankhun, Kittipos
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Pongpeng, Jakrapong
In sustainable construction/production, the social dimension regarding owner and community satisfaction has received the least focus. To promote social sustainability, the multilevel strategies of contractors should be developed for owner and community satisfaction. However, a literature review shows that there are few studies on how multilevel strategies influence such satisfaction. Hence, this study aimed to analyze such influences. A survey was conducted to gather data from the Thai construction industry, and these data were then analyzed by a structural equation model (SEM). The results, for the first time, highlight that corporate strategy influences business strategy (direct influence = 0.98), which in turn influences functional strategy (direct influence = 0.93). Additionally, only functional strategy influences owner (direct influence = 0.84) and community satisfaction (direct influence = 0.66). Furthermore, parenting, cooperation, and equipment/machinery substrategies obtain the highest weights within the management levels of corporation, business, and function (regression weights = 0.49, 0.48, and 0.55), respectively. The work productivity and site organization indicators have the largest weights for owner and community satisfaction (regression weights = 0.47 and 0.57), respectively. The findings provide a guideline that helps contractors allocate their available resources to substrategies according to their regression weights, enhancing owner and community satisfaction.
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A study of correlation for reverse logistics barriers to solutions using structural equation modelling
(2019-01-01)
Sirisawat, Pornwasin
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Kiatcharoenpol, Tossapol
Reverse logistics (RL) plays an important role in many industries especially in the electronics industry and helps sustainability businesses while also reducing environmental impacts. The electronics industry is one of the most rapidly growing industries in Thailand. Many companies adopted RL for their business process but still enforce some barriers that make it unsuccessful. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship of RL barriers and solutions then examines the relationship between these factors. A conceptual model was developed by proposing four hypotheses in which structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the proposed model. The main results of this study show that there are statistics significant of the proposed hypothesis. In conclusion, the proposed model could fit with the empirical data. The proposed results could reconfirm that there are statistics significant of the relationship between RL barriers and solutions of RL practices implementation in Thailand electronics industry.
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The critical nature of road logistics industry process capability's role in sustainable tourism development
(2019-01-01)
Pongpanit, Preechaphol
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Sornsaruht, Puris
Globally, logistics cost an average of 11% of a country's gross domestic product (GDP). Furthermore, Thailand's 40 million foreign tourists are provisioned by a logistics system which relies on roads 97.68% of the time to deliver nearly half a billion tonnes of goods. However, Thailand has national logistics' cost averaging 14% of its GDP. With Thailand's revenues from logistics reaching $96.5 billion in 2019, the authors saw the importance of undertaking a study to determine how the Thai road logistics industry process capability (PC) is influenced by knowledge absorption capability (KAC), technology capability (TC), product innovation (PI), and service innovation (SI). By use of multi-stage random sampling, a sample of 483 owners, executives, and managers was obtained, whose responses from the seven-level scale questionnaire were analysed using LISREL 9.10 software. From both the initial CFA and final SEM of the eight hypotheses model, all the model's causal variables were found to influence PC positively. This can be explained by 81% of the variance in the Thai road logistics industry PC (R<sup>2</sup>). The causal variables influencing Thai logistics industry PC ranked from highest to lowest were KAC, TC, PI, and SI, with total effect (TE] values at 0.90, 0.81, 0.30 and 0.10, respectively. Therefore, in a smartphone-enabled, Internetconnected, social media world, Thai road service organizations need to marry 'technological innovation' process capabilities to ensure a competitive advantage and survivability. However, the need for a digitally enabled, 21st-century knowledge worker becomes even more crucial, but companies find obtaining these workers a difficult task, with Thai educational systems hard-pressed to deliver them. As a result, Thailand needs to educate and train a new generation of workers in the transportation and logistics sectors.
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Fast-food restaurant customer satisfaction in Thailand: A structural equation model path analysis
(2019-01-01)
Tangtatswas, Ririnda
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Sornsaruht, Puris
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Pimdee, Paitoon
This study explored the theoretical evidence and empirical data of factors influencing fast-food restaurant customer satisfaction (ST) in Thailand. The analysis was conducted on the six hypotheses relationships between ST, marketing communications (MC), brand value (BV), and brand quality (BQ). Initial analysis was conducted with use of confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], followed by a structural equation model [SEM] path analysis using LISREL 9.1 of the study's four latent variables. From the sample of 478 fast food restaurant patrons, the factors determined affecting ST were MC, BV, and BQ, which total effect [TE] values of 0.77, 0.39 and 0.27, respectively. The research also determined that further investigation needs to be undertaken to evaluate the influence of social media within the fast-food restaurant environment. This study is also original and timely as it identified the growing importance of social media tools in the fast-food marketing communications process in Thailand.

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