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Identification of major carotenoids from green alga Tetraspora sp. CU2551: partial purification and characterization of lutein, canthaxanthin, neochrome, and β-carotene
(2022-08-01)
Maswanna, Thanaporn
;
Maneeruttanarungroj, Cherdsak
The green algae Tetraspora sp. CU2551 was previously identified as a strain with high potential for biohydrogen production; however, its algal biomass characteristics changed from green to reddish orange within 43 days of biohydrogen production. The crude pigments were extracted, partially purified, and characterized by chemical determination. The present study focused on elucidating the carotenoid composition of the selected green alga Tetraspora sp. CU2551. The pigment extract was partially purified and fractionated using thin layer chromatography, and yielded two major and two minor carotenoid bands. The fractions were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) before being identified and confirmed using Liquid Chromatograph-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). The spectral data of these fractions revealed four sub-fractions of interest that were lutein, canthaxanthin, neochrome, and β-carotene, which had percentages in the crude extracts of 30.57%, 25.47%, 7.89%, and 0.71%, respectively. Lutein and canthaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoid pigments present. Our findings in this present study are the first reporting of Tetraspora sp. CU2551 as a potential alternate source for carotenoid pigment production.
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Overview of biorefinery
(2022-01-01)
Thongchul, Nuttha
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Gani, Rafiqul
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
A strong reliance on fossil resources gives rise to a depletion of nonrenewable resources and negative or harmful environmental impacts. Circumvention of this energy-environment nexus has been proposed through the application of the concept of biorefinery. In this concept, biomass, an alternative renewable feedstock containing C-rich chemicals, is utilized as a replacement of the fossil-based feedstock to produce bioenergy and bio-based chemicals. Originally, biorefinery was perceived as a platform of biomass processing, which would produce primarily fuels and chemicals. To date, biorefinery harnesses a variety of sustainable and synergetic technologies that converts biomass into a wide range of profitable products such as food-and-feed for the future, biopharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Due to variability of feedstock and newly emerged technologies, classifications of biorefinery are diverse and depend on the basis (e.g., source of a biomass, the generation of a feedstock, etc.) taken in consideration. A comprehensive view of biorefinery requires the consideration of processing of biomass from different origins via diversified technology platforms. Since the concept of biorefinery also concerns social aspects and location-specific technologies, various aspects of stakeholders including academia, industry, economy, and society need also to be considered. Collaboration among the various actors is facilitated if necessary key information is easily accessible. Therefore, an overview of biorefinery should cover key information related to biorefinery, such as nature of biomass, current situation, available technologies, process design methods, associated tools, and analyses of processing routes along with case studies. In this chapter, the indices representing the key information related to biorefinery are arranged alphabetically and tabulated to enhance a good understanding of the concept of biorefinery.
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Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics of sterol adsorption on styrene-divinylbenzene anion-exchange resins
(2018-10-01)
Ladadok, Chinakrit
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Yamaki, Takehiro
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Matsuda, Keigo
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Matsumoto, Hideyuki
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Na-Ranong, Duangkamol
Phytosterols can be recovered from natural resources using molecular distillation, cold crystallization, which require large energy consumption. Adsorption was considered as a feasible alternative method. In this study, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics of stigmasterol adsorption on styrene-divinylbenzene with two different functional groups, strong base (SB-R) and weak base (WB-R), were investigated using a model solution of stigmasterol in n-heptane. Isothermal adsorption experiments were performed in temperature range of 298-313 K and concentration range of 0.3-6.0 mg/g<inf>sol</inf>. For both SB-R and WB-R cases, kinetics of adsorption was analysed based on pseudofirst- order and pseudo-second-order models and the results revealed that pseudo-second-order model agreed with the experimental data much better than pseudo-first-order model. Analysis of isotherm data based on Langmuir, Freundlich and linear models showed that Freundlich was the best model that could predict behaviour of sterol adsorption for both SB-R and WB-R cases. In addition, thermodynamics parameters (δG, δH andδS) indicated that the sterol adsorptions on these adsorbents were spontaneous, exothermic and favourable at low temperature.
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Computational analysis of blood parameters separate by centrifuge technique
(2017-03-23)
Wangboon, Anon
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Phasukkit, Pattarapong
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Keawbumrung, Mongkol
This article is purpose of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation for blood parameters separated by centrifuge machine which has different spinning velocities. The structure of the machine, as a fixed tube at 30 degrees from the base is used to prove that the precipitate of the blood's 2 parameters, such as blood cell and plasma, by using the simulation from computer In three dimensional (3D) symmetry modeling to study the change of the precipitate in centrifuge at different velocity of spinning. At 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm and 5000 rpm(round per minute) the result of this simulation showed the density of blood as low density in the top of the blood it's mean plasma and high density at the bottom of the tube it's mean blood cell. From the model in centrifuge can prove that in each different level of the density from velocity of spinning that useful for study to improvement of blood parameters separated by used computer simulation.
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Effects of inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed on the efficiency of glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge
(2017-01-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Netjaibun, Kanokphan
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Pratabkong, Thaweesak
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Suwannasam, Puttapong
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Limmun, Warunee
The centrifugal technique has been widely used for separation of fluids with moderately high viscosities because it provides an efficient separation in short residence times. In this work, the cylindrical bowl centrifuge was selected for separation of raw biodiesel and glycerol. In addition, the inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed were investigated on their effects on the efficiency of separation. The experimental results showed that the inner angle of bowl and the flow rate affected the efficiency of separation significantly. The increase of inner angle of bowl (from 90 to 135 degree) and flow rate (from 50 to 200 ml/min) provided the increase of separation efficiency. In term of speed, the efficiency of separation was increased when increasing the speed from 1,800 rpm to 2,100 rpm. On the other hand, the efficiency of separation was decreased when increasing the speed from 2,100 rpm to 2,400 rpm. The efficiency of cylindrical bowl centrifuge was in the ranges of 29.17-39.83%, 52.83-61.83% and 84.6-91.4% for bowl inner angles of 90, 120 and 135 degree, respectively. The bowl inner angles of 135 degree, flow rate of 200 ml/min and speed of 2,100 rpm were appropriate conditions for glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge.
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High-efficiency HFSLM for silver-ion pertraction from pharmaceutical wastewater and mass-transport models
(2014-11-01)
Wongsawa, Thidarat
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Sunsandee, Niti
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Pancharoen, Ura
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) is a favorable technique for the pertraction of metal ions, especially at very low metal concentration. In this work, the pertraction of silver ions from acidic pharmaceutical wastewater via HFSLM was investigated. Pharmaceutical wastewater containing 30mg/dm3 of silver ions and 120mg/dm3 of ferric ions was subjected to HFSLM as a feed solution. LIX 84-I dissolved in organic solvent together with Na<inf>2</inf>S<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>5H<inf>2</inf>O solution was selected for use as a liquid membrane and a receiving solution, respectively. The influence of ferric ions on the pertraction of silver ions was studied firstly using wastewater with normal ferric ion concentration and secondly using wastewater with ferric ion precipitation by phosphoric acid solution. The highest pertraction of silver ions was achieved by using 0.1M of LIX 84-I and 0.5M of Na<inf>2</inf>S<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O solution at pH of feed and receiving solutions of 3.5 and 2. The flow rates of feed and receiving solutions were 0.2dm3/min. 0.6mg/dm3 of silver ions that remained in the wastewater was below the mandatory discharge limit. No effect of normal ferric ion concentration in the wastewater on silver ion pertraction was observed. The crucial parameters were defined to confirm the efficiency and reliability of the system. Finally, the controlling transport regime of silver ion pertraction across HFSLM was determined by the diffusion flux and reaction flux models.
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Separation of As(III) and As(V) by hollow fiber supported liquid membrane based on the mass transfer theory
(2008-01-01)
Prapasawat, Tatchanok
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Ramakul, Prakorn
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Satayaprasert, Chairit
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Pancharoen, Ura
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn W.
Separation of As(III) and As(V) ions from sulphate media by hollow fiber supported liquid membrane has been examined. Cyanex 923 was diluted in toluene and used as an extractant. Water was used as a stripping solution. The extractability of As(V) was higher than As(III). When the concentration of sulphuric acid in feed solution and Cyanex 923 in liquid membrane increased, more arsenic ions were extracted into liquid membrane and recovered into the stripping solution. The mathematical model was focused on the extraction side of the liquid membrane system. The mass transfer coefficients of the aqueous phase (k <inf>i</inf> ) and organic phase (k <inf>m</inf> ) are 7.15×10 -3 and 3.45×10-2 cm/s for As(III), and 1.07×10-2 and 1.79×10-2 cm/s for As(V). Therefore, the rate-controlling step for As(III) and As(V) in liquid membrane process is the mass transfer in the aqueous film between the feed solution and liquid membrane. The calculated mass transfer coefficients agree with the experimental results. © 2008 Springer.

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