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    Preparation of bacterial cellulose film from rotten fruits for mulching film application
    (2022-01-01)
    Pinpru, Nattapong
    ;
    Intasanta, Varol
    ;
    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
    ;
    Khaisaat, Supharada
    ;
    Sawanakarn, Oubonwan
    This research aims to reduce production capital costs and added value to natural products. The bio-mulching film was prepared by bacterial cellulose (BC) “Acetobacter xylinum”, extracted from three rotten fruits, grape, coconut, and pineapple under standard tests in the laboratory. The analysis from the FTIR technique confirmed to cellulose molecular vibration of BC films. XRD pattern was matched to structure crystallinity of JCPDS standard file which possessed a high percentage of crystallinity. The SEM micrographs were also revealed the 3D nanofiber network structure. The absorption capability of BC films could highly hold water in its structure. In addition, the mechanical properties of BC films came from rotten coconut, given the highest tensile strength (7.2 ± 1.1 MPa) according to nano-fiber symmetric with its dense structure. Nevertheless, the soil burial testing emphasized BC films could reduce soil temperature and increase moisture content in the soil as well. The biodegradation rate of BC films in 30 days was moderately fair. The BC film from rotten coconut had the slowest biodegradation rate (approximately 22.3 4.2%), applicable to biodegradable mulching film.
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    Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/organophosphate-modified montmorillonite composites
    (2011-11-03)
    Sirapanichart, Sanit
    ;
    Monvisade, Pathavuth
    ;
    Siriphannon, Punnama
    ;
    Nukeaw, Jiti
    Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/tetrabutylphosphonium modified montmorillonite (P(MMA-co-BA)/P-MMT) composite films were prepared by simple solution casting technique. P(MMA-co-BA) was synthesized through solution polymerization in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. After modification via cation exchange reaction by tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, the organoclay was dispersed in toluene and added into P(MMA-co-BA) solution. The well-dispersed mixture was cast by doctor blade technique to obtain the composite films. The P-MMT content in the composites was varied (i.e., 1, 2, 3 and 6 wt%) in order to study its effects on thermal stability, mechanical properties and UV shielding ability. The structure of P-MMT in the composites was investigated by XRD technique. The composites containing 1 and 2 wt% of P-MMT showed the d<inf>001</inf> peak slightly shifted to lower 2θ, indicating mainly intercalated structure occurred with some agglomerations of particles. The intercalated structure of P(MMA-co-BA)/P-MMT 2% composites was observed by TEM technique. The TGA results showed that degradation of the composites occurred at higher temperatures compared to that of their virgin polymer and the degradation point increased with P-MMT content. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites were higher than those of their original copolymer. By addition of 1-3 wt% of P-MMT, it could be seen that the higher the P-MMT loading, the higher would be the tensile strength and Young's modulus. The P(MMA-co-BA)/P-MMT composite films showed their screening ability in UV region, especially in the UV-B range, which is rather higher than that in the visible region.