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    Genome Characterization for the Antimicrobial Potential of Streptomyces samsunensis SA31, a Rhizospheric Actinomycete of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.
    (2025-01-01)
    Wongsariya, Karn
    ;
    Duangupama, Thitikorn
    ;
    Pansomsuay, Rawirat
    ;
    Thanaboripat, Dusanee
    ;
    Thawai, Chitti
    Streptomyces species are promising resources of bioactive compounds that play a vital role in medicinal biotechnology. Streptomyces sp. SA31 was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. The strain was identified as Streptomyces samsunensis based on genome-based taxonomic analysis. The draft genome of strain SA31 contained 11,850,342 bp with a high percentage of G+C at 71.0% and carried 9,350 predicted protein-encoding sequences (CDSs). Furthermore, the secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in the genome of strain SA31 were predicted by antiSMASH. In silico analysis showed 71 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for antimicrobial secondary metabolite synthesis. Most gene clusters were involved in the biosynthesis of polyketide synthase. The genome of strain SA31 harbored seven types of polyketide biosynthesis gene clusters that might be associated with antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the genome of strain SA31 contained unexplored secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. In vitro antimicrobial assay showed that an ethyl acetate extract from the culture broth of strain SA31 could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684, implying that the genome of strain SA31 contained potential BGCs for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites and led to the isolation of geldanamycin and 17-O-demethylgeldanamycin. Therefore, it can be proved that the rhizosphere-associated soil of C. citratus (DC) Stapf. is a rich habitat for actinomycetes that are capable of producing promising biologically active compounds.
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    Gordonia aquimaris sp. nov., a novel marine actinobacterium isolated from seawater in the upper gulf of Thailand
    (2023-03-01)
    Pansomsuay, Rawirat
    ;
    Duangupama, Thitikorn
    ;
    Pittayakhajonwut, Pattama
    ;
    Intaraudom, Chakapong
    ;
    Suriyachadkun, Chanwit
    An actinobacterium strain, SW21<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from seawater collected in the upper Gulf of Thailand. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped. Growth was observed from 15 to 37 °C and at pH 6–8. Maximum NaCl for growth was 14% (w/v). meso-Diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose were detected in the whole-cell hydro-lysate. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were detected as the phospholipids in the cells. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H<inf>2</inf> ) and MK-7(H<inf>2</inf> ). The major cellular fatty acids were C<inf>16:0</inf>, C<inf>18:1</inf> ω9c, C<inf>18:0</inf> and C<inf>18:0</inf> 10-methyl (TBSA). The 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the assignment of strain SW21<sup>T</sup> to the genus Gordonia and showed that Gordonia mangrovi KCTC 49383<sup>T</sup> (98.7%) was the closest relative. Moreover, the average nucleotide identity-blast (85.5%) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (30.7%) values between strain SW21<sup>T</sup> and its closest neighbour were below the threshold values for delineation of a novel species. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain SW21<sup>T</sup> is representative of novel species of the genus Gordonia. The name Gordonia aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed for strain SW21<sup>T</sup>. The type strain is SW21<sup>T</sup> (=TBRC 15691<sup>T</sup>=NBRC 115558<sup>T</sup>).
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    Streptomyces sennicomposti sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from compost of Senna siamea (Lam.)
    (2022-01-01)
    Duangupama, Thitikorn
    ;
    Pittayakhajonwut, Pattama
    ;
    Intaraudom, Chakapong
    ;
    Suriyachadkun, Chanwit
    ;
    Sirirote, Pramote
    A member of the genus Streptomyces, designated RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from compost of Senna siamea (Lam.), collected from an agricultural area in Rayong province, Thailand. The spore morphology and the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan indicate that RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup> shows the typical properties of members of the genus Streptomyces. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain should be classified as representing a member of the genus Streptomy-ces and was most closely related to Streptomyces fumigatiscleroticus NBRC 12999<sup>T</sup> with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2%, followed by Streptomyces spiralis NBRC 14215<sup>T</sup> (99.0%). In addition, RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup> shared the highest average nucleotide identity by blast (ANIb) (86.0%), and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) (32.1%) values with S. spiralis NBRC 14215<sup>T</sup>. Furthermore, several physiological and biochemical differences were observed between RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup> and the closely related type strains of species with validly published names. These taxonomic data indicated that RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup> could be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces and the name Streptomyces sennicomposti sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. The type strain is RCPT1-4<sup>T</sup> (=TBRC 11260<sup>T</sup>=NBRC 114303<sup>T</sup>).
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    Streptomyces acidipaludis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from peat swamp forest soil
    (2022-01-01)
    Nammali, Achararak
    ;
    Duangupama, Thitikorn
    ;
    Pittayakhajonwut, Pattama
    ;
    Intaraudom, Chakapong
    ;
    Suriyachadkun, Chanwit
    An actinobacterium strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> was isolated from Lankwai peat swamp forest soil collected from Yala province, Thailand. Strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> exhibited morphological and chemotaxonomic properties described for the genus Streptomyces. It formed a spiral spore chain directly on aerial mycelium. Growth was observed between 20 and 40 °C and at pH 5–8. The maximum NaCl for growth was 2% (w/v). ll-Diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and ribose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysate. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannoside were detected as the phospholipids. The major menaquinones were MK-10(H<inf>2</inf>) and MK-9(H<inf>6</inf>). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C<inf>16:0</inf>, anteiso-C<inf>15:0</inf> and iso-C<inf>14:0</inf>. 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the assignment of strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> to the genus Streptomyces and showed that Streptomyces rubidus NBRC 102073<sup>T</sup> (99.0%) was the closest relative. Moreover, the average nucleotide identity-blast (85.5%) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (30.7%) values reported between strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> and its closest neighbour were below the threshold values for delineation of a novel species. Strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> could be distinguished from related validly described Streptomyces species by several phenotypic properties. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> is representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. The name Streptomyces acidipaludis sp. nov. is proposed for strain PLK6-54<sup>T</sup>. The type strain is PLK6-54<sup>T</sup> (=TBRC 11250<sup>T</sup>=NBRC 114297<sup>T</sup>).
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    Neuroprotective potential of new chromones isolated from the soil actinomycete Microbispora sp. TBRC6027
    (2021-01-01)
    Kittisrisopit, Suchada
    ;
    Bunbamrung, Nantiya
    ;
    Thawai, Chitti
    ;
    Tadtong, Sarin
    ;
    Niemhom, Nantawan
    Nine new chromone analogs (1–9) were isolated from the soil actinomycete Microbispora sp. TBRC6027. The chemical structures were determined based upon NMR spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated in vitro by using P19-derived neurons for neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress induced by serum deprivation and showed % viability of neurons at the concentration of 1 ng/mL varied from 43.51% to 52.99% without significant neurotoxicity for P19-derived neurons at the same concentration. Moreover, all tested compounds were inactive for antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and Vero cells at maximum tested concentration 50 μg/mL. However, compounds 4, 6, and 7 displayed weak cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 (human small-cell lung cancer) cells with IC<inf>50</inf> in a range of 87.99–91.57 μM.