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    Schizophyllan Optimization and Production in Submerged Cultures of Different Schizophyllum commune Isolates Collected in Thailand
    (2026-05-01)
    Chaimongkol, Soravit
    ;
    Yingkulchao, Wittayothin
    ;
    Rungjindamai, Nattawut
    ;
    Toan, Nguyen Tai
    ;
    Werapan, Borworn
    Twenty strains of Schizophyllum commune from the BIOTEC culture collection were selected for this study. S. commune is characterized by white to gray fan-shaped caps with lobed margins and distinctive split gills. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences data using maximum parsimony placed the fungi in a strongly supported clade with S. commune. All strains were primarily screened for exopolysaccharide (EPS) and biomass production using potato dextrose broth (PDB) and peptone yeast glucose medium (PYGM) in 250 mL flasks shaken at 200 rpm for 7 days. The results revealed three strains with high EPS production, each exceeding 2.3 g/L, namely MMCR00487, MMCR00474 and MMCR00256. These strains were selected for media optimization using a Plackett–Burman design. Among them, MMCR00256 exhibited the highest EPS yield of 8.34 ± 1.47 g/L, followed by MMCR00487 and MMCR00474. Therefore, the strain MMCR00256 was further optimized by central composite design. The results revealed that the optimized medium for MMCR00256 increased the production of EPS to 10.39 ± 1.69 g/L, with a biomass yield of 26.28 ± 1.63 g/L (395 mg/g). The 5 L bioreactor optimization tested two inoculum types (mycelial and pellet) and two media (CCD and estimated) using strain MMCR00256. The mycelial inoculum grown in the estimated medium produced the highest EPS yield of 8.37 ± 0.26 g/L after 3 days, with 13.56 ± 2.94 g/L biomass. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that S. commune MMCR00256, when cultivated using the estimated medium and mycelial inoculum, can achieve enhanced exopolysaccharide production with improved efficiency, highlighting its significant potential for the development of efficient and scalable schizophyllan production processes at the industrial scale. Furthermore, this study provides essential insights into the cultivation and optimization of schizophyllan in S. commune.
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    Outdoor cultivation of Dunaliella salina KU 11 using brine and saline lake water with raceway ponds in northeastern Thailand
    (2017-11-01)
    Wu, Zhe
    ;
    Dejtisakdi, Wipawee
    ;
    Kermanee, Prasart
    ;
    Ma, Chunhong
    ;
    Arirob, Wallop
    To evaluate the potential of algal biotechnology to replace traditional agriculture in northeastern Thailand, an open raceway cultivation system was developed to produce biomass and beta-carotene. Dunaliella salina KU 11 isolated from local saline soil was cultured in open raceway tanks using brine and saline lake water. Grown in modified Johnson's medium (with 2–3.5 M NaCl), the algae reached a maximum cell density on the fourth day (1.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup>). Increasing KNO<inf>3</inf> and NaHCO<inf>3</inf> from 0.5 and 0.043 g L<sup>−1</sup> to 1 and 2.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L<sup>−1</sup>) and beta-carotene (19 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Expected profits for algal production were evaluated, and it was found that this strain was suitable for outdoor cultivation and the developing algal industry in northeastern Thailand could produce high economic benefits (at least $64,120 per year per 0.16 ha).
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