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    Cyber-Attacks on Power System Frequency Control
    (2024-01-01)
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    Teera-Achariyakul, Noppada
    ;
    Surinkaew, Tossaporn
    ;
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
    Due to the increasing number of cyber hacking activities, cyber-Attacks become urgent concerns to power system security worldwide. A power system is vulnerable to cyber-Attacks due to the exchanged information in its area. In this study, cyber-Attacks on power system frequency control are studied by corrupting the exchange of information. Considering the frequency measurement of the system, essential attack strategies from hackers' perspectives, which are usually concerned with cyber-Attacks on critical infrastructure, have been modeled concerning the false data injection. Simulation results analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different attacks against frequency control of the system. The exogenous cyber-Attacks on frequency power measurements can cause severe frequency excursions, which lead to system instability and power blackouts. Such attack methods require effective detection from defenders to guarantee system security before hackers further deteriorate the system's stability.
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    Inertia Assessment From Transient Measurements: Recent Perspective From Japanese WAMS
    (2022-01-01)
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    Watanabe, Masayuki
    ;
    Mitani, Yasunori
    ;
    Ngamroo, Issarachai
    Currently, the substantial renewable penetration brings a low inertia issue to the Japanese power system, threatening stability and resiliency than ever. The inertia estimation based on transient events provides a reliable basis for system control and operation. However, the poor rate of change of frequency extraction from different types and locations of phasor measurement units (PMUs) could significantly lead to inertia estimation errors. As a remedy with a lesson learned, this paper analyzes effective inertia estimations based on transient measurements of the Japanese wide-area monitoring in both distribution and transmission levels. Due to the longitudinally interconnected configuration of the 60 Hz Japanese power system, the polynomial approximation technique is proposed to restrain the strong effect of oscillatory components. To enhance the estimation performance considering an existing center of inertia, the comprehensive mode-shape analysis is performed via geographical measurement locations, indicating sufficient PMUs with precise estimation. The effectiveness of inertia estimation techniques is verified through actual system events corresponding to various transient sites. The numerical results demonstrate that recent inertia of the 60 Hz Japanese system with existing renewables ranges around 7.12 - 8.13 s in its system load base.