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An Integrated Approach to Data Protection Risk Assessment in the Maritime Industry: A DPIA-Based Approach
(2026-01-01)
Yungratog, Sutthipong
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Goerlandt, Floris
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Punurai, Wonsiri
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Kim, Hyungju
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Liu, Yiliu
Data protection in the maritime domain remains a challenging issue due to the lack of domain specific assessment approaches, as existing methods are often insufficient for this domain. Systems within the maritime ICT framework collect personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) specifies provisions related to data protection assessment, namely the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA). The DPIA procedure from related studies is applied as the research framework for regulatory compliance. This study proposes a data protection risk assessment with integrated methods as part of the risk assessment and controlling process in DPIA. The proposed method integrates multiple approaches to provide a more comprehensive and structured assessment of data protection risks. The integrated methods are designed to provide a systematic way to capture both technical and data protection risks, with the intention of supporting the identification of risk scenarios and their causal factors that are often overlooked in conventional approaches, while supporting a more thorough evaluation of risk impacts. The results from the assessment provide guidelines for maritime organizations to deal with risks that are harmful to personal data. It also aims to better support risk prioritization and decision making. The benefit for the maritime industry is that this study helps fill gaps in data protection assessment, where limited research exists. The outcomes can also be applied to organizational policies to enhance system security and strengthen customer trust.
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The Development of a Web-Based Questionnaire for Automatic Risk Assessment Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft
(2025-01-01)
Yenpiem, Siriporn
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Yoneyama, Keito R.
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Yooyen, Soemsak
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Banchong-Aksorn, Sasicha
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Jansri, Anuruk
One of the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand's goals is to enhance the country's economic competitiveness through innovation. This has led to an increase in the number of commercial unmanned aircraft being used in urban areas, which presents both challenges and opportunities. One challenge is the absence of an effective air traffic management system to accommodate this growth, leading to airspace congestion and potentially hazardous situations. This study develops a risk assessment model, based on the minimum requirements of international standards, in the form of a questionnaire designed to swiftly calculate risk levels associated with unmanned aircraft operations. The methodology includes extensive secondary and primary research, as well as the analysis of key components before converting the findings into a web application. The resulting web-based tool helps categorize aircraft operations into three levels: low (open category), medium (specific category), and high (certified category), which aligns with the airspace guidelines. This tool aids in evaluating and analyzing flight activities, facilitating the safe integration of unmanned aircraft into the airspace and reducing the risk of accidents.
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A Wildfire Risk Impact Index (WRII) for Power Distribution Systems: Integrating GIS and AHP
(2025-01-01)
Phantanaikasem, Pongpavee
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Jamroen, Chaowanan
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Surinkaew, Tossaporn
Wildfires pose a significant threat to power distribution systems, leading to disruptions, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. The conventional fire weather index (FWI) is widely used for wildfire risk assessment, but primarily relies on meteorological factors and does not explicitly account for the spatial distribution of critical infrastructure. Therefore, this study proposes a new wildfire risk impact index (WRII) to assess wildfire risk and severity on power distribution systems. The WRII is developed using the geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), integrating multiple spatial variables (i.e., temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and topography), hotspot proximity to key infrastructures (i.e., power distribution systems, fire stations, and roads), and the number of connected power system points. A case study in Chiang Mai, Thailand, is conducted using the QGIS to demonstrate the applicability of WRII and its superiority over the FWI. The results highlight spatial variations in wildfire risk, offering valuable insights for power system operators. The WRII enhances wildfire preparedness and mitigation strategies.
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Size Distributions of Inhalable Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Heavy Metals and Their Potential Occupational Health Risk Related to Informal E-waste Recycling in Thailand
(2022-02-08)
Keawhanu, Thidarat
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Sukonthamut, Sujitra
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Suriyawong, Achariya
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Concentrations and size distributions of atmospheric particulates and particulate-bound heavy metals in different inhalable fractions were studied in working areas during manual dismantling, thermal cutting and cable sheath burning activities. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 l min-1. Mass concentrations of the particles were measured in each size fraction. Heavy metals bound on the particles were extracted with acid digestion and then analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Risk assessment of worker exposure to the particles was determined. The results indicated that the concentrations of ultrafine (d<inf>ae</inf> < 0.43 μm), fine (0.43 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 2.1 μm) and coarse (2.1 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 10 μm) particles were in the ranges of 14.49-62.04, 57.51-120.26 and 153.26–646.99 μg m−3 during manual dismantling, 363.41-1,011.95, 2,105.40-4,899.11 and 1,698.54-7,075.61 μg m−3 during thermal cutting and 364.73-1,694.72, 1,953.33-4,431.41 and 1,385.97-6,126.13 μg m−3 during cable sheath burning, respectively. The concentrations of PM<inf>2.1</inf> and PM<inf>10</inf> released from these activities did not exceed the OSHA PEL threshold limits. Heavy metals adsorbed on the particles (Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) detected during manual dismantling did not exceed the TWA standard. Concentrations of Cr and Pb during cable sheath burning highly exceeded the standards whereas Pb concentrations during thermal cutting slightly exceeded the standard. The heavy metals released from these recycling activities were more enriched on coarse mode than fine mode. Inhalation exposure to Cr, Pb and Mn posed a potential health risk to the workers.
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Size Distributions of Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Risk Assessments during Cable Sheath Burning
(2019-01-01)
Keawhanu, Thidarat
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Suriyawong, Achariya
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Burning of electric cable sheath leads to the emission of small particles and toxic pollutants that cause severe air pollution and human health effects. In this study, size distributions of particulate matter and p-PAHs during open burning of cable insulation were examined. Lifetime cancer risk of PAHs was also assessed. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 L min-1. The exposed filter was extracted with acetonitrile and then measured by GC-MS in the SIM mode for 16 PAHs identification. It was found that average concentrations of ultrafine, fine and coarse particles were 1,045.82 µg m-3 (11.45 % of the total mass), 3,557. 50 µg m-3 (38. 96 % of the total mass) and 4,529. 03 µg m-3 (49. 59 % of the total mass), respectively. The particle size distributions were bimodal with one major peak in the size range of 5. 8-4. 7 µm and another minor peak in the size range of 1. 1-0. 65 µm. The concentrations of 16 PAHs adsorbed on ultrafine, fine and coarse particle were 717. 86 ng m-3 (11. 47% of the total PAHs), 3,645.43 ng m-3 (58. 23% of the total PAHs) and 1,897. 19 ng m-3 (30.30% of the total PAHs), respectively. Distributions of BaA, BaP, DbA and BgP were unimodal with a peak in accumulation mode while those of Acy, Ace and Fla were bimodal with two peaks in accumulation mode. Distributions of Flu, Phe, Ant, Pyr, Chr, BbF and BkF were multimodal with peaks in accumulation and coarse modes whereas InP was not detected. The inhalable particles (PM<inf>10</inf>) contained mainly 5-ring PAHs (55.67% of total PAHs) followed by 4-ring PAHs (27.58% of total PAHs), and 3-ring PAHs ( 14. 98% of total PAHs). Only small amount of 2-ring PAHs (1.36% of total PAHs) and 6-ring PAHs (0.41% of total PAHs) was observed. The fraction of PAHs adsorbed on PM<inf>10</inf> was ranked in the order Group 2B (53. 45%) > Group 3 (33. 86%) > Group 1 (10.71%) > Group 2A (1.98%). The average concentrations of 16 PAHs and B[a]P<inf>eq</inf> were 6,260.47 ng m-3 and 1,014.35 ng m-3, respectively. The estimated lifetime lung cancer risk during wire burning was 8.83E-02.
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Risk Assessment among Thai and Foreign Workers in Construction Companies
(2018-07-02)
Pawthaisong, K.
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Jongprasithporn, M.
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Vongpisal, C.
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Yodpijit, N.
Construction is one of the most hazardous industries compared to others. Although, system safety has been adopted, accidents continually occur with Thai and foreign workers. Particularly, the number accidents of foreign workers that trend increased due to language differences. The purpose of this research is to assess risks among Thai and foreign workers in construction companies using the Risk Assessment Model (RAM) to assess risk levels of each careers and accident types that happen to Thai and Foreign workers. The results from this study showed a different risk level between Thai and foreign workers of each careers, including types of construction accidents. In conclusion, this was found to be beneficial for predicting high-risk construction activities and preventing accidents that further happen.

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