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    Innovative educational technology for visually impaired learners using a 3D-Printed foot reflexology robot
    (2026-06-01)
    Nabudda, Kriengkrai
    ;
    Nabudda, Kanokpit
    ;
    Kitprathaung, Nustha
    ;
    Phumpho, Suwilai
    ;
    Poungthong, Pongthep
    This study presents the design, development, and validation of a foot reflexology teaching robot that integrates multidisciplinary design, rapid prototyping, and user-centred assistive educational strategies to support tactile learning for visually impaired individuals. A digital foot model, derived from anthropometric data of an average Thai female, was refined to achieve a balance between anatomical accuracy and manufacturability. The structural design featured modular internal compartments, precision openings, and detachable covers to support maintenance without compromising anatomical realism. Fabrication using PLA-based fused deposition modelling (FDM) produced a lightweight, durable, and cost-effective prototype incorporating interactive tactile sensing and modular electrical components. A Raspberry Pi platform programmed in Python enabled audio-based instructional feedback triggered by tactile interaction, creating a multisensory educational device for experiential reflexology training. Structured evaluation sessions with 29 visually impaired learners confirmed its effectiveness in facilitating hands-on engagement, multisensory learning, and usability, with high satisfaction across safety and practicality. Overall, this work establishes a replicable framework for developing accessible and inclusive assistive educational technologies.• Integrated multidisciplinary design and user-centred development approach.• Applied rapid prototyping to translate digital anatomical models into functional physical components.• Conducted user-based evaluation to assess educational effectiveness and accessibility.
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    The designing of 3D-printed modular artificial reefs through design thinking framework: a case study in Koh Khai, Chumphon Province, Thailand
    (2025-12-01)
    Limlunjakorn, Torpong
    Coral reefs degradation in Thailand demands scalable, community-accessible restoration solutions. This study addresses the limitations of conventional artificial reefs by developing 3D-printed modular artificial reefs (3DMARs) optimized for ecological performance, usability, and low-resource deployment. Formulated through the lens of design expertise and applying a design thinking framework, the research integrates qualitative content analysis, interdisciplinary collaboration, and user-centered design to establish key criteria, including modularity, flexibility, and environmental sustainability. Prototypes were co-developed with SCG Co., Ltd. Field deployment at Koh Khai, Chumphon Province, demonstrated ease of transport, manual installation, and ecological compatibility. Initial observations suggest that the system enhances coral habitat complexity while promoting local engagement. The study presents a replicable and adaptable model for decentralized reef restoration, supporting sustainable marine efforts in regions with limited technical capacity, such as Thailand and similar Southeast Asian coastal areas.
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    Towards direct analysis of solid and liquid samples exploiting a 3D printed dialysis unit and sequential injection: Application for automated derivatization and determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid in foodstuff and beverages
    (2020-02-08)
    Kasetsoontorn, Bhoonnarasa
    ;
    Choengchan, Nathawut
    In this work, a new design of a dialysis unit for direct analysis of solid and liquid samples is presented. The homemade unit was constructed using a 3D printer due to its simple and fast fabrication ability. The dialysis unit is composed of cylindrical-shaped donor and acceptor chambers. A stainless steel sieve is installed inside the donor chamber. SEM images clearly showed that the sieve prevented membrane blockage by suspension particles in the sample. Multiple dialysis units were connected to a sequential injection (SI) system for serial determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in solid and liquid samples. The dialysate from each dialysis unit was consecutively aspirated into the SI flow line for on-line derivatization of GABA with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (3.0% w/v). The derivative was detected spectrophotometrically at 425 nm. The linear calibration range extended to 1000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> GABA (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.99) with high precision (1.2 %RSD). The developed system was applied to analysis of dietary supplements, grains of germinated brown rice and milk. The samples were directly introduced into the donor chamber either as powder or liquids. The measured GABA content using the developed method was compared using high performance liquid chromatography, with good agreement using Pearson's correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999). The method has high accuracy based on recovery studies (99.8 ± 1.5%) and high sample throughput (64 samples h<sup>−1</sup>).