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Toxicity of Litsea petiolata Hook.f. essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
(2022-09-01)
Puwanard, C.
;
Moungthipmalai, T.
;
Soonwera, M.
This study evaluated the oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of essential oil (EO) from Litsea petiolata leaves against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus with double choice, dipping, and contact assays. Litsea petiolata EO was tested at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations in ethanol and their efficiencies were compared with those of 1% w/w temephos and 10 % w/v cypermethrin. Oviposition deterrent was evaluated on gravid females. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities were tested on the fourth larvae and 2-day-old pupae. The adulticidal activity was tested against two-day-old adult females. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest oviposition deterrent activity against gravid females and 100% repellency against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus, 97.0% against Ae. aegypti and 94.6% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) against females of those four mosquito species ranged from -0.9 to -1.0. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO also exhibited the highest ovicidal activity against the eggs of the four mosquito species, with an inhibition rate ranging from 87.2 to 100%. Moreover, it also showed the highest larvicidal and puicidal activities against the larvae and pupae of the four mosquito species, with a 100% mortality rate at 10 and 60 min, respectively. The adulticidal activity was recorded at 1 and 24h. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest toxicity to female adults of the four mosquito species, with 100% knockdown (1h) and mortality (24h) rates. On the other hand, 1%w/w temephos did not deter gravid females, and it was only slightly toxic to the eggs and larvae and non-toxic to the pupae. In the same manner, 10%w/v cypermethrin was less effective against the female adults of the four mosquito species than 10% L.petiolata EO. L.petiolata EO is a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Combinations of plant essential oils and their major compositions inducing mortality and morphological abnormality of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
(2022-05-01)
Soonwera, Mayura
;
Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
;
Aungtikun, Jirapon
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
Extensive uses of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito's populations have induced the insects to develop resistance against them, rendering them ineffective today. Moreover, they cause serious impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, safe and effective natural alternatives are needed. This study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of essential oils (EOs) from Illicium verum and Zanthoxylum limonella and the major constituents against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as well as recorded their morphological aberrations at death. The GC-MS analysis showed that trans-anethole was the major constituent of I. verum EO, and limonene was the major constituent of Z. limonella EO. Both were more effective against the larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti than those of Ae. albopictus. A 2.5% I. verum EO + 2.5% trans-anethole combination showed the highest larvicidal and pupicidal effects against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with an LT<inf>50</inf> ranging from 0.2-6.9 h. Between the two tested constituents, trans-anethole exhibited stronger larvicidal and pupicidal activities (LC<inf>50</inf> ranging 2.4–3.4%) against the two tested mosquito species than d-limonene (LC<inf>50</inf> ranging 2.5–3.7%). Most importantly, 5% trans-anethole, 5% d-limonene, and 2.5% I. verum EO + 2.5% trans-anethole were more effective (LT<inf>50</inf> ranging 0.1–0.3 h) than 1% (w/w) temephos (LT<inf>50</inf> ranging 2.9–3.1 h). Morphological aberrations at death observed were such as color pigment and thorax shape abnormalities. To conclude, trans-anethole, d-limonene, and a combination of I. verum EO + trans-anethole, are natural compounds that not only are as effective as temephos at the time of this study, but should be also be much safer to human health.
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Entomological risk assessment for dengue virus transmission during 2016–2020 in kamphaeng phet, thailand
(2021-10-01)
Fansiri, Thanyalak
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Buddhari, Darunee
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Pathawong, Nattaphol
;
Pongsiri, Arissara
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Klungthong, Chonticha
Individual houses with high risks of dengue virus (DENV) transmission might be a source of virus transmission within the neighborhood. We conducted an entomological risk assessment for DENV transmission at the household level, comprising family cohort members residing in the same location, to assess the risk for dengue virus transmitted by mosquito vectors. The studies were conducted in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, during 2016–2020. Entomological investigations were performed in 35 cohort families on day 1 and day 14 after receiving dengue case reports. DENV was found in 22 Aedes samples (4.9%) out of 451 tested samples. A significantly higher DENV infection rate was detected in vectors collected on day 1 (6.64%) compared to those collected on day 14 (1.82%). Annual vector surveillance was carried out in 732 houses, with 1002 traps catching 3653 Aedes females. The majority of the 13,228 water containers examined were made from plastic and clay, with used tires serving as a primary container, with 59.55% larval abundance. Larval indices, as indicators of dengue epidemics and to evaluate disease and vector control approaches, were calculated. As a result, high values of larval indices indicated the considerably high risk of dengue transmission in these communities.
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Adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) essential oils and of their synergistic combinations against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Musca domestica (L.)
(2020-06-01)
Soonwera, Mayura
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
The knockdown and adulticidal activities of individual Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) and their combinations were evaluated against three medical insect pests (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Musca domestica) using a WHO susceptibility test. The knockdown and adulticidal activities against the three medical insect pests of combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were higher than those of individual EOs alone. Combinations of 7.5% C. citratus + 7.5% E. globulus EOs and 10% C. citratus + 10% E. globulus EOs exhibited the highest efficacy against females of the three species with 100% knockdown and mortality rates at 1 and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Their adulticidal activities were equivalent to that of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol negative control was not effective at all. The combinations of EOs showed a synergistic effect, i.e., their adulticidal activity was improved by 0.2 to 100%, with increased knockdown and mortality rates, compared to individual EOs. The highest synergistic effect on effective knockdown and adulticidal activities against females of the three species was achieved by a combination of 2.5% C. citratus + 2.5% E. globulus EOs, with 36.6 to 100% knockdown rate increase and 33.5 to 98.9% mortality rate increase. This study demonstrates that all tested combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were effective adulticidal agents against females of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and M. domestica and have a high potential for development into a botanical insecticide for controlling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and houseflies.
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Mosquito-repellent activity of Star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.), Bustard cardamom (Amomum villosum Lour.) and Best cardamom (Amomum krervanh Pierre.) essential oils against Aedes albopictus (Skuse)
(2020-01-01)
Aungtikun, J.
;
Soonwera, M.
The mosquito repellent activities of essential oils derived from Illicium verum Hook.f., Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum krervanh Pierre. against Aedes albopictus females were compared with that of a chemical repellent (DEET; N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). The results showed that the three essential oils at the concentrations of 10% and 5% provided the same 15-minute protection from Ae. albopictus. The essential oils at 1% also provided some 3-minute protection. Comparing the essential oils, it was found that the essential oils at 5% concentration provided the most effective and safe protection against Ae. albopictus, with a protection time of 15minutes, the higher concentration, 10%, provided the same protection rate. DEET at concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10% provided protection times of 15, 30 and 45 minutes, respectively. It can be concluded that the essential oils extracted from I. verum, A. villosum, A.krervanh have a full potential as effective protection against Ae. albopictus females. Although the essential oils were less effective than the synthetic chemical repellent, they are safer to use. It is hereby recommeded that these essential oils were good alternatives and should be further developed into commercial repellent products.
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Toxicity of several botanical essential oils and their combinations against females of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles minimus (Theobald): Oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal efficacies
(2019-01-01)
Cotchakaew, Nuttavich
;
Soonwera, Mayura
Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil (EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants (Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus (An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.
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Efficacies of essential oils from illiciaceae and zingiberaceae plants as oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents against females aedes albopictus (Skuse) and anopheles minimus (Theobald)
(2018-09-01)
Cotchakaew, N.
;
Soonwera, M.
At present, serious mosquito vectors throughout the world have developed resistance to chemical insecticides.Therefore, safe natural products for controlling mosquitoes are absolutely necessary. This study investigated the efficacy of herbal essential oil (EO) from Illiciaceae and Zingiberaceae plants, Alpinia galanga (A. galanga), Amomum krervanh (A. krervanh), Curcuma zedoaria (C. zedoaria), Illicium verum (I. verum), Zingiber cassumunar (Z. cassumunar) and Zingiber mekongense (Z. mekongense) against the females of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus (An. minimus). All EOs at the high concentration (10%) were highly effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities. Ten percent of C. zedoaria EO showed 100% effective repellency with an oviposition activity index (OAI) of -1.0 against the females of the two mosquito species, and 10% I.verum EO showed a high inhibition rate of 100% against the eggs of the two mosquitoes. Ten percent of A. galanga EO showed a high adulticidal activity against the females of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus with KT50 of 0.7 and 1 min at 1h, respectively, and 100% mortality at 24h as well as an LC50 of 7.5 and 2.9%, respectively. When compared with temephos and cypermethrin, the EOs from C. zedoaria, I.verum and A. galanga were more effective in oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities than temephos and were equivalent in adulticidal activity to cypermethrin. To conclude, our data show that EOs from C. zedoaria, I.verum and A. galanga can be used as an oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal agents against Aedes albopictus and Anopheles minimus.
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SIR transmission model of dengue virus taking into account two species of mosquitoes and an age structure in the human population
(2015-07-28)
Sungchasit, R.
;
Pongsumpun, P.
;
Tang, I. M.
Dengue is a vector-borne disease. It is transmitted to humans by the bites of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The human population is separated into two classes, a child class and an adult class, each class being described by a SIR model. The transmission rates of the two mosquito species are different and depend on what class the humans belong to. We develop a single model taking into account the presence of two type of mosquitoes and two age classes and apply it to dengue fever. The model shows how it is possible for the maximum level of infected human to be reached in a short time. The nature of stability of the equilibrium state and the trajectories of the individual classes in the model are determined by the values of the basic reproduction number by setting the values of the parameters in the model to different values which reflect the environment in which the epidemic is occurring in the model.
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Transmission model of dengue virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
(2013-12-01)
Sungchasit, R.
;
Pongsumpun, P.
;
Tang, I. M.
Mathematical models are used for describing many diseases. Dengue disease is occurred by biting of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Dengue outbreak is found during the rainy season. Each Aedes mosquito has the different dengue outbreaks and they depend on the temperature and areas. The standard dynamical modeling method is used in this study. The SIR (susceptible-infectedrecovered) model is modified to describe the transmission of dengue virus by two species of vectors. The transmission of dengue virus is varied with time. The dynamical analysis method is used for analyzing this model. We confirm these results by using numerical results. © 2013 Pushpa Publishing House, Allahabad, India.

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