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Subject: search.filters.subject.Andrographolide

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    Andrographolide targets EGFR to impede epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells
    (2024-09-15)
    Kaewpiboon, Chutima
    ;
    Boonnak, Nawong
    ;
    Salae, Abdul Wahab
    ;
    Pakdeepromma, Sirichatnach
    ;
    Yawut, Natpaphan
    Despite the primary surgical treatment for breast cancer patients, malignant invasiveness and metastasis remain threatening factors for women with breast cancer. As chemotherapy yields unsatisfactory results, it prompted us to search for effective natural agents with few side-effects. Although andrographolide (ADGL), a natural diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, presents anticancer effects, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Initially, on comparing the expression of proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) between nonmetastatic cancer MCF7 cells and highly metastatic cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit higher protein levels of N-cadherin and vimentin and lower protein levels of E-cadherin when compared to MCF7 cells. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 cells also exhibited higher EGFR expression and activity, higher STAT1 activity and abundant HDAC4 expression. To elucidate whether these proteins are closely associated with EMT, EGFR, STAT1 or HDAC4, the proteins were silenced in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by their specific siRNAs. We found that silencing these proteins reduced EMT, indicating an important role of EGFR, STAT1 and HDAC4 in EMT progression. When we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with ADGL as a potential therapeutic drug, we found that ADGL treatment inhibited cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, it also recovered E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein levels. ADGL treatment reduced EGFR expression at a lower concentration (1 μg/mL); however, STAT1 activity and HDAC4 expression was reduced by a higher concentration (5 μg/mL) of ADGL. Moreover, we observed that the combined treatment with ADGL and siRNAs against these proteins highly sensitized the MDA-MB-231 cells to apoptosis compared to that with ADGL and control siRNA. Collectively, our results suggest that ADGL targets EGFR, thereby inhibiting EMT in human breast cancer cells.
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    Influence of shading levels on growth, yield and andrographolide content of Kalmegh
    (2020-04-01)
    Liphan, Somanan
    ;
    Detpiratmongkol, S.
    We studied the growth, yield and andrographolide content of three local kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) responses to varying shade levels under green house conditions, from March to July 2018 in Thailand. Our experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Three local kalmegh varieties (Prachinburi, Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi) and four shading levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75% shading) were applied to the test plots. Stem height, stem, leaf and root dry weight and leaf number per plant, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were recorded. The Prachinburi variety, followed by Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi, showed the strongest growth under all shade conditions. Different shading levels strongly influenced growth and kalmegh yield. The highest growth, stem, leaf, root, total dry weight, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were registered at 25% shading levels followed by 0%, 50% and 75% shading levels. We concluded that 25% shading and the local Prachinburi variety kalmegh should be recommended.
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    Response of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) to shading at different growth stages
    (2019-01-01)
    Liphan, Somanan
    ;
    Detpiratmongkol, S.
    Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) is a very useful medicinal herb widely used for treatments of various human diseases and symptoms: fever, cold, laryngitis, diarrhea and inflammation. However, its enhanced growth and yield as a response to shading at different growth stages have not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, an experiment was undertaken, from January to April 2018, to investigate the effects of shading at different growth stages on the growth, yield and quality of kalmegh. The design of this pot experiment was split plot with three replications; three local kalmegh cultivars—Prachinburi, Phichit 4-4 and Phisanulok 5-4—were the main plots. The four sub-plots were 20% shading at 3 stages of growth viz: 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) till harvest and no shading which was the control. Several agronomic characteristics of kalmegh such as plant height, stem, dry weight of leaf and root, total dry weight and leaf dry weight yield were recorded. The results indicated that Prachinbuti cultivar gave the tallest plant and stem heights as well as the highest dry weight of leaf and root, total dry weight and leaf dry weight yield, followed by Phisanulok 5-4 and Phichit 4-4. Shading at different stages of growth clearly affected the growth and yield of kalmegh. No shading resulted in the least growth and yield while shading at 90 DAP promoted some growth and yield that was higher than no shading but lower than shading at 30 and 60 DAP. The maximum values of growth and yield were observed under 20% shading at 30 DAP.