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Subject: search.filters.subject.Anopheles minimus

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    Toxicity of Litsea petiolata Hook.f. essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
    (2022-09-01)
    Puwanard, C.
    ;
    Moungthipmalai, T.
    ;
    Soonwera, M.
    This study evaluated the oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, and adulticidal activities of essential oil (EO) from Litsea petiolata leaves against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus with double choice, dipping, and contact assays. Litsea petiolata EO was tested at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations in ethanol and their efficiencies were compared with those of 1% w/w temephos and 10 % w/v cypermethrin. Oviposition deterrent was evaluated on gravid females. Larvicidal and pupicidal activities were tested on the fourth larvae and 2-day-old pupae. The adulticidal activity was tested against two-day-old adult females. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest oviposition deterrent activity against gravid females and 100% repellency against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus, 97.0% against Ae. aegypti and 94.6% against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) against females of those four mosquito species ranged from -0.9 to -1.0. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO also exhibited the highest ovicidal activity against the eggs of the four mosquito species, with an inhibition rate ranging from 87.2 to 100%. Moreover, it also showed the highest larvicidal and puicidal activities against the larvae and pupae of the four mosquito species, with a 100% mortality rate at 10 and 60 min, respectively. The adulticidal activity was recorded at 1 and 24h. Ten percent of L. petiolata EO exhibited the highest toxicity to female adults of the four mosquito species, with 100% knockdown (1h) and mortality (24h) rates. On the other hand, 1%w/w temephos did not deter gravid females, and it was only slightly toxic to the eggs and larvae and non-toxic to the pupae. In the same manner, 10%w/v cypermethrin was less effective against the female adults of the four mosquito species than 10% L.petiolata EO. L.petiolata EO is a highly effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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    Toxicity of several botanical essential oils and their combinations against females of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles minimus (Theobald): Oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal efficacies
    (2019-01-01)
    Cotchakaew, Nuttavich
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil (EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants (Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus (An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.
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    Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against aedes aegypti (LINN.), anopheles minimus (Theobald) and culex quinquefasciatus say based on protection time and biting rate
    (2010-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    This study investigated insect bite protection and length of the protection with 30 repellents which were divided into 3 categories: plant oil, essential oil and essential oil with ethyl alcohol, tested against three mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. The plant oil group was comprised of Phlai (Zingiber cassumunar) and Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Both substances were effective as repellents and feeding deterrents against An. minimus (205 minutes protection time and a biting rate of 0.9%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (165 minutes protection time and 0.9% biting rate) and Ae. aegypti (90 minutes protection time and 0.8% biting rate). Essential oil from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) exhibited protection against biting from all 3 mosquito species: for An. minimus, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, the results were 130 minutes and 0.9%, 140 minutes and 0.8%, and 115 minutes and 0.8%, respectively. The period of protection time against Ae. aegypti for all repellent candidates tested was lower than the Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) determined time of greater than 2 hours.
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    Potential larvicidal and pupacidal activities of herbal essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus say and Anopheles minimus (Theobald)
    (2010-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    The larvicidal and pupacidal effects of eight herbal essential oils were tested against third instar (L<inf>3</inf>), fourth instar (L<inf>4</inf>), and pupal stages of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles minimus. Probit analysis was used to analyze the data. The larval mortality was recorded at 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes, and 24 hours. Pupal mortality was also recorded at 24 hours intervals for 96 hours when completed mortality was achieved. Citronella grass oil #2 (Cymbopogon nardus) proved to have the greatest toxicity against 3<sup>rd</sup> instar Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. minimus with LT<inf>50</inf> at 1.2 and <0.2 minute, respectively. It exhibited a high level of effectiveness against 4<sup>th</sup> instar Cx. quinquefasciatus (LT<inf>50</inf> at 5.1 minutes) and An. minimus (LT<inf>50</inf> at 0.9 minute). Regarding pupacidal activity, Cx. Quinquefasciatus and An. minimus pupae were susceptible to Lemon grass oil (LT<inf>50</inf> at 1.2 hours) and Citronella grass oil #1 (LT<inf>50</inf> at 0.6 hour), respectively. These oils had larvicidal and pupacidal activities with 100% mortality against L<inf>3</inf>, L<inf>4</inf> and pupal stage Cx. quinquefasciatus at 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 24 hours. They also caused 100% mortality of An. minimus at 5 minutes (L<inf>3</inf>, L<inf>4</inf>), and 24 hours (pupal stage).