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Subject: search.filters.subject.Aspergillus niger

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    Valorization of tannin rich triphala waste for simultaneous tannase and gallic acid production under solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger
    (2023-01-01)
    Pakaweerachat, Pattarabhorn
    ;
    Chysirichote, Teerin
    This research aimed to study gallic acid production by the activity of tannase secreted by Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 under solid-state fermentation using Triphala waste. Gallic acid is commonly extracted from Triphala using hot water. The residue contains a high number of hydrolyzable tannins. The parameters for the SSF were studied which included a nitrogen supplementary with an aeration supply. Results indicated that Triphala waste (TW) was a good substrate for valorization with tannase and gallic acid production by A. niger. When the fermentation was supplemented with 0.75% sodium nitrate that combination provided the highest biomass, tannase and gallic acid concentrations of 254.2± 15.4 mg g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS,</inf> 49.4 ± 2.0 U g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS</inf> and 13.3 mg g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS</inf>, respectively, while the aeration at 0.3 vvm (0.75% sodium nitrate supplementary) provided the highest biomass tannase and gallic productions of 445.0 ± 43.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS</inf>, 53.3 ± 5.3 U g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS</inf> and 168.5 ± 5.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup><inf>DS</inf>, respectively. The results indicated that the number of nitrogen atoms and the rate of aeration had significant parameters for tannase production. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the substrate correlated with tannase production of A. niger. The optimum C/N ratio of the substrate for tannase production was approximately 20.
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    Simultaneous isoquercitin and gallic acid production of Aspergillus niger on Triphala byproduct under solid state fermentation in packed-bed bioreactor
    (2023-01-01)
    Pakaweerachat, Pattarabhorn
    ;
    Klinthong, Worasaung
    ;
    Ohtaguchi, Kazuhisa
    ;
    Chysirichote, Teerin
    Triphala byproduct from hot-water extraction (TPB), which was a traditional process, was valorized by solid state fermentation in this research. Since the leftovers from the extraction contain high rutin and tannin contents, they were hydrolysable to isoquercitin and gallic acid, which were their monomers, respectively. Aspergillus niger, a producer of α-L-rhamnosidase and β-glucosidase, was cultured on the TPB to produce both isoquercitin and gallic acid, which were powerful antioxidants used in medical applications. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) was conducted in the three-layered packed-bed bioreactor aerated with humid air at different rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 L/L/min or vvm). The highest isoquercitin and gallic acid production rates were found in the SSF, with 0.1 vvm at 1.14/h and 0.3 vvm at 3.12/h, respectively. The interaction of aeration rate and fermentation time significantly affected the fungal growth and the production of gallic acid, while the isoquercitin production was affected only by the fermentation time. Moreover, the differences of their production yields in different positions of bed along the height of bioreactor found to be useful to design the harvesting period of the fermentation products including isoquercitin or gallic acid or simultaneous isoquercitin and gallic acid. The results clearly showed that aeration, harvesting time, and position of the bioreactor were crucial in designing the process for isoquercitin, gallic acid, or both.