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    Aggregated gallic acid-modified platinum nanoparticles as colorimetric sensor for tannic acid detection in beverages based on displacement phenomenon
    (2024-10-01)
    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
    ;
    Mathaweesansurn, Arjnarong
    ;
    Monvisade, Pathavuth
    ;
    Detsri, Ekarat
    A new colorimetric assay for the rapid detection of tannic acid in beverage samples based on displacement phenomenon of aggregated gallic acid-modified platinum nanoparticles is developed for the first time. PtNPs were functionalized with gallic acid, promoting the formation of the green-hued aggregated nanoparticles. While colorimetry offers a rapid method for identifying tannic acid, challenges remain in sensitivity and accuracy of detection on the PtNPs colorimetric probe, particularly in the presence of anthocyanin interferences. To address this, we developed a sample preparation method to degrade anthocyanin in beverages. Tannic acid was easily displaced onto the gallic acid-coated PtNPs surfaces, causing dispersion and resulting in a visible color change from green to orange − brown. Under the optimal conditions, the colorimetric sensor exhibited a linear response in the range of 1 − 2,000 µmol/L (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9991). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were found at 0.02 and 0.09 µmol/L, respectively. The proposed sensor expressed superior selectivity over other interfering substances and demonstrated excellent precision with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.00 %−3.36 %. More importantly, recoveries ranging from 95.0 − 104.7 % were obtained, indicating the capability of proposed colorimetric sensor to detect tannic acid rapidly and accurately in real beverage samples.
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    Measurement of sucrose concentration using Imbibition length on paper: A device for equipment-free and environmentally-friendly detection
    (2024-04-01)
    Sitanurak, Jirayu
    ;
    Kumpong, Anongnat
    ;
    Yaimai, Orawan
    ;
    Wilairat, Prapin
    ;
    Teerasong, Saowapak
    The Lucas-Washburn equation is commonly used to predict the distance (L) that a liquid travels through paper. This equation establishes that L<sup>2</sup> is linear with time and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid. However, there is currently no theoretical equation connecting the viscosity of a solution to its concentration. In this study, the imbibition flow of a sucrose solution was measured along the length of a horizontal strip of filter paper, featuring a printed, thermometer-shaped hydrophobic boundary. A sample (38 μL) was dispensed onto the bulb area, and the solution's flow was visually tracked using a red dye added to the sample. The imbibition length (L) was measured by a vernier caliper at 10.0 min after the sample addition. An empirical equation, based on literature values of the viscosity (η) and concentration (C) of sucrose solutions, was proposed. By integrating this empirical equation with the Lucas-Washburn equation, the following equation was derived: L = a⋅exp{-(bC + cC<sup>2</sup>)}, where ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ are parameters. This equation was fitted to the dataset of L and C, covering C values from 0 to 60 % w/w standard sucrose solutions, resulting in a coefficient of determination of 0.9987. The plot of L against C was observed to closely follow a linear line, with a fitting providing a coefficient of determination of 0.9986. The sucrose contents in samples, such as soft drinks, syrups, and sugarcanes, determined using the imbibition length method and conventional refractometry, were in statistical agreement via the paired t-test at the 95 % confidence level. This method is simple, instrument-free, requiring only a small amount of safe red food dye, and can be conducted on-site.