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    Numerical analysis of heat transfer and tissue deformation in liver cancer during microwave ablation: A comparison of bioheat and porous media models
    (2025-08-01)
    Preechaphonkul, Wutipong
    ;
    Mongkol, Vannakorn
    ;
    Sakonkanapong, Arnon
    ;
    Rattanadecho, Phadungsak
    This study presents a numerical comparison of microwave ablation using the Pennes bioheat and porous media models in a deformed liver cancer geometry. A single slot coaxial antenna operating at 2.45 GHz with a power of 10 W for 10 min was simulated using the finite element method, incorporating electromagnetic wave propagation, heat transfer, and tissue deformation. Validation against published experimental data and a mesh independence test confirmed the accuracy of the model. Results indicate up to a 6.7 % higher specific absorption rate in the porous media approach, contributing to a temperature difference of approximately 10–13 % at 10 min compared to the Pennes model. Peak von Mises stress increased by more than 2 Pa in tumor regions, and necrosis progression differed between the models. While both models predicted complete tumor cell death, the Pennes bioheat approach consistently reached thresholds sooner in both tumor and adjacent healthy tissue. These findings highlight the role of tissue porosity and convection in heat transport and deformation, demonstrating the porous media model's improved predictive capability for longer ablation durations and its potential for optimizing treatment protocols.
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    Computational algorithm of high-intensity focused ultrasound beams in cancer tissue model for hyperthermia therapy
    (2020-01-01)
    Songkaitiwong, Kittiphot
    ;
    Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
    We calculate the acoustic field of a high-intensity focused ultrasound field in a 2D-model of human breast carcinoma and induce temperature elevation for the generation of necrosis. The computational operation is based on the Pennes bioheat concept. This method provides precise heat transfer values based upon thermal conduction in soft tissue and thermal convection in the domain of the blood. An ultrasound beam at 1 MHz was laterally focused on a tumor of 15.0 mm x 28.5 mm at different focal depths without elevational focalization. The length of each focus point of the ultrasound beam was 6.8 - 45.4 mm on the vertical axis, whereas the full width at half maximum was 1.1-2.5 mm on the horizontal axis. Simulated results showed that a discrepancy of the acoustic pressure around the focus area rises with focal depth. Like the pressure profile, when the focal depth is close to the ultrasound source, the thermal homogeneity around the focus area is attained, whereas thermal uniformity around the focus area becomes worse with increasing focal depth. Using the data visualization arrangement, a temperature profile corresponding to the obtained pressure profile is converted to attain a 2D image of a model of human breast carcinoma to show that tumor ablation was achieved and the healthy surrounding tissues were safe.