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Improvement of biohydrogen production from biomass using supercritical water gasification and CaO adsorption
(2024-04-01)
Panichkittikul, Nitsara
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Mariyappan, Vinitha
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Wu, Wei
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
Producing biohydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, sourced from renewable energy like wind, solar, and biomass, known for its eco-friendliness and minimal greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on the process design and simulation of producing biohydrogen from biomass (bagasse) gasification. New integration of the water gas shift reactor and CaO adsorption process is connected to biomass gasification with the steam/supercritical water agents for improving the hydrogen production process. Simulations show that steam gasification integrated with CaO adsorption (SG-CaO) is optimized at specific conditions, resulting in high-purity hydrogen at 99.95 %. Similarly, the supercritical water gasification integrated with CaO adsorption (SCWG-CaO) requires specific conditions, achieving exceptionally pure hydrogen at 99.99 %. In terms of energy analysis, SCWG-CaO outperforms SG-CaO, with higher hydrogen yield (14.16 % vs. 14.12 %) and greater energy efficiency (42.32 % vs. 40.26 %). It shows that the SCWG-CaO is a suitable and efficient approach for biohydrogen production, considering factors such as hydrogen purity, yield, and energy efficiency.
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Effect of H2S and NH3 in biomass gasification producer gas on CO2 capture performance of an innovative CaO and Fe2O3 based sorbent
(2021-07-01)
Dashtestani, F.
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Nusheh, M.
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Siriwongrungson, V.
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Hongrapipat, J.
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Materic, V.
This study has investigated the effect of contaminants in biomass gasification producer gas on the CO<inf>2</inf> capture performance of an innovative CaO and Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> based sorbent material. It is well known that biomass gasification producer gas contains gaseous contaminants such as H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf>. Experiments were conducted with the combined contaminants of H<inf>2</inf>S at 230 ppmv and NH<inf>3</inf> at 2300 ppmv. Each run of the experiment included three major stages: H<inf>2</inf> reduction, CO<inf>2</inf> capture (carbonation) and CO<inf>2</inf> release (calcination). The operation temperature was controlled at 650 °C with a duration of 3 h at the carbonation stage, and at 850 °C with a duration of 2 h at the calcination stage. In each experiment, three cycles of carbonation-calcination were performed. The experimental results show an average CO<inf>2</inf> capture efficiency of 61.8% during the carbonation stage in the first cycle, reducing to 45.4% in the third cycle. However, effective CO<inf>2</inf> capture was achieved in the initial 20 min of carbonation, with a capture efficiency of 75.1% for the first cycle and 62.8% in the third cycle. It was found that the CO<inf>2</inf> sorbent can effectively remove contaminants from the producer gas, showing catalytic effect of the sorbent material. The H<inf>2</inf>S removal efficiency decreased from 99% in the first cycle to 82% after three cycles, while the NH<inf>3</inf> removal efficiency was above 99% for all three cycles during the carbonation stage. Furthermore, concentrations of the N-based and S-based compounds in the outlet gas streams during calcination were examined for the potential impact when the gas is injected into plant nursery greenhouses for growth enhancement. Fundamental analysis was also performed and microstructural changes in the material were examined to understand the CO<inf>2</inf> capture process by the tested sorbent.
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Comparative exergoeconomic analysis of indirect and direct bio-dimethyl ether syntheses based on air-steam biomass gasification with CO2 utilization
(2020-10-15)
Nakyai, Teeranun
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
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Saebea, Dang
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a potential energy source because it is a clean fuel and a crucial intermediate in various chemical productions. The main purposes of this work were to assess and compare the indirect and direct bio-DME syntheses from air-steam biomass gasification with CO<inf>2</inf> utilization using energetic, exergetic, and exergoeconomic analyses. The effects of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H<inf>2</inf>/CO) and carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (CO<inf>2</inf>/CO) ratios on DME yield of the indirect and direct processes were firstly investigated. When considering the combined processes, the results were found that the DME yield of the system with direct DME synthesis is higher than that of the indirect system. Moreover, the energy consumption and exergy destruction of biomass gasification and DME synthesis processes in the indirect system are considerably higher when compared to the direct system. For exergoeconomic analysis, the DME unit cost of the direct system (1.66 $/kg DME) also has lower than that of the system with indirect DME synthesis (2.26 $/kg DME). In addition, the CO<inf>2</inf> emission of both systems was also considered. The CO<inf>2</inf> emission intensity of the system with direct DME synthesis shows 32.35% lower than the system with indirect DME synthesis.
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A Review on the Technical and Economic Prospects of Biofuel Production from Integrated Biomass Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch Processes
(2020-01-01)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Concerns in energy shortage and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions motivate the production of transportation fuel via a combined biomass gasification (BG) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. This review explains the basic background of the BG-FT process, including the gasification, gas cleaning, and FT processes. Numerous aspects of this process, such as the influence of the feedstock type and characteristics and the processing conditions, efficient process design, and FT-catalyst performance improvement, are reviewed based on laboratory-scale research reported in the literature. The tar removal process used to produce the synthesis gas satisfying the FT specification is also focused in this review. Moreover, the technical and economic prospects of the current BG-FT process to produce transportation fuels are reviewed and compared. Finally, trends in the future research of the BG-FT process are examined.
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Syngas production from sugarcane leftover gasification integrated with absorption process for green liquid production
(2019-10-20)
Chatrattanawet, Narissara
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Authayanun, Suthida
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Saebea, Dang
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Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn
The aim of research is to present favorable operating conditions for the clean syngas production from sugarcane leftover through the gasification process by using AspenPlus™ software. In order to obtain the suitable syngas for liquid fuel production, this process should be integrated with gas cleaning. The simulation was performed by comparing three gasifying agents, i.e., steam, air, and steam-air. To find favorable operating conditions that provide the highest syngas molar flow rate, the effect of operating conditions in gasifier was also examined. In addition, the possibility of syngas production operated under a thermal self-sufficient condition was studied. The gasification results showed that the syngas production significantly increases with the increase of temperature. The proper gasifying temperature for three processes is at 750 °C. When the maximum syngas molar flow rate was considered, it was found that the use of steam (at S/B of 0.6) and steam-air (at S/B of 0.8 and A/B of 0.04) in gasification can achieve this criterion. Both processes can provide syngas molar flow rate as ∼149 kmol/h. However, it was found that thermal self-sufficient operation is possible when air and steam-air are used as gasifying agent. The result indicated that syngas molar flow rate obtained from air gasification (at A/B of 1.309) is more than that from steam-air gasification (at S/B of 0.1 and A/B of 1.375). In order to obtain the cleaner production of syngas, the absorption process with capturing CO<inf>2</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>S was studied via using monoethanolamine (MEA) as solvent. The optimal column pressure is 40 bars and the number of trays equals to 10. To obtain the H<inf>2</inf>S content below 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, the MEA molar flow rates are 325, 450, and 465 kmol/h for steam, air, and steam-air gasification processes, respectively.
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Insights into the influence of biomass feedstock type, particle size and feeding rate on thermochemical performances of a continuous solar gasification reactor
(2019-01-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
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Abanades, Stéphane
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Rodat, Sylvain
The solar-driven steam gasification of different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks was experimentally investigated with a 1.5 kW<inf>th</inf> continuously particle-fed solar reactor at high temperature using real high-flux solar radiation provided by a parabolic dish concentrator. Experiments were carried out with five carbonaceous materials under different biomass feeding rates in the range of 0.8–2.7 g/min at 1300 °C in order to optimize the synthesis gas production and composition. Increasing biomass feeding rate (at constant slightly over-stoichiometric steam/biomass ratio) noticeably promoted the syngas yields that reached up to 83.2 mmol/g<inf>biomass</inf>. The syngas yield (especially H<inf>2</inf>) was more affected by the biomass feedstock (chemical composition) than by the particle size in the considered range (0.3–4 mm). The calorific value of the biomass was solar upgraded up to 24% through the syngas produced with a carbon conversion above 90%, thereby accomplishing efficient solar energy storage into the produced syngas. Increasing the biomass feeding rate inherently shortened the solar processing duration (for a given biomass amount). Thus, the solar energy input and the heat losses were reduced while the overall syngas production capacity was increased, which in turn drastically enhanced both the thermochemical reactor efficiency and the solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency with maximum values typically beyond 25%.

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