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Optimization and performance prediction of carbon dioxide adsorption on chitosan/activated carbon/epichlorohydrin composite materials using Box–Behnken design and artificial neural network approaches
(2025-06-01)
Loryuenyong, Vorrada
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Nakhlo, Worranuch
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Srikaenkaew, Praifha
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Yaidee, Panpassa
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) can be used as biomass to synthesize activated carbon (AC) through physical carbonization and chemical activation. Epichlorohydrin (EP) was used to create the chitosan (CS) and AC biopolymer composites via emulsion crosslinking. The main goal of this research is to boost the efficiency of CS/AC/EP composite materials for carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) capture by adsorption. The impact of CS content, AC concentration, and EP quantity on CO<inf>2</inf> removal was studied applying the Box–Behnken design (BBD)-based response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) models. The conditions for the adsorption process were optimized to forecast the maximum CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption utilizing BBD and ANN approaches. Optimal process parameters of 15.11 g CS content, 38.95 %w/w AC concentration, and 7.16 g EP quantity resulted in a CO<inf>2</inf> adsorbed of approximately 7.62 cm3/g. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the BBD model was 0.9995, while the correlation coefficient (R) for the ANN model was 0.9992. The CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption efficiency of adsorbents is enhanced by increasing the amounts of AC and EP. This study provides a technique for predicting and improving CO<inf>2</inf> capture through the development of porous polymer composite beads (CBs) with a high CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption capacity.
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Carbon capture through solar-driven CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce syngas and biochar
(2025-05-15)
Al-Muraisy, Saqr A.A.
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Chuayboon, Srirat
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Soares, Lais Americo
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Buijnsters, J. G.
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Ismail, Shahrul bin
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant organic waste in Malaysia that is often disposed of through field burning. A previous study has shown that solar-driven steam gasification of OPEFB can produce hydrogen-rich syngas with an energy upgrade factor of 1.2 and a carbon conversion efficiency of 95.1 %. Beyond its potential as a biofuel, OPEFB can also act as a carbon sink, capturing photosynthetically stored carbon. This study explores the potential of amplifying OPEFB's negative carbon emissions through solar-driven gasification, using CO<inf>2</inf> as the gasifying agent. In this work, a Central Composite Design (CCD) approach was employed to assess the influence of temperature (1100–1300 °C) and CO<inf>2</inf>/OPEFB molar ratio (1.6–3.0) on H<inf>2</inf>/CO molar ratio and energy upgrade factor, with a constant OPEFB flow rate of 1.8 g/min. The results demonstrated that at an energy upgrade factor of 1.4, 94.9 % of the total carbon was converted into syngas with a H<inf>2</inf>/CO molar ratio of 0.3. The maximum observed net carbon capture yield of 0.4 g C/g OPEFB was achieved at 1300 °C and a CO<inf>2</inf>/OPEFB molar ratio of 3.0. The remaining carbon (94.4–95.7 wt %) was converted into biochar with low heavy metal content, which has potential as a soil enhancer.
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Novel CO2-negative design of palm oil-based polygeneration systems
(2023-02-01)
Wu, Wei
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Supankanok, Rasa
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Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
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Taipabu, Muhammad Ikhsan
A palm oil-based polygeneration system (POPS), which is a combination of a fixed bed hydrotreating reactor (FBHTR), a three-phase separator, and a series of cryogenic separators, is co-production process of green diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) named Design 1. The FBHTR model is validated by experiment data and its optimal operating parameters are determined by solving the response surface methodology-based optimization algorithm. Two CO<inf>2</inf>-negative designs for the POPS named Designs 2 and 3 adopt approaches of (i) the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) for reducing 35% flue gas from the furnace, (ii) the amine-based CO<inf>2</inf> capture process coupling with pre- or post-separation system for producing the high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> product, and (iii) the heat integration design for reducing the energy duties of hot/cold utilities. Design 2 is validated to achieve the maximum negative net CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. Design 3 not only ensures the negative net CO<inf>2</inf> emissions, but also it produces three high-purity products (98.3% green diesel, 100% LPG, and 99.9% CO<inf>2</inf>) simultaneously.
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Process design and economic evaluation of biomass-based negative emission technologies
(2023-01-01)
Wu, Wei
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Supankanok, Rasa
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Chandra-Ambhorn, Walairat
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Pongboriboon, Nattapat
A palm oil-based polygeneration system (POPS) is simulated to produce the main product of high-purity green diesel as well as the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a by-product. The CO<inf>2</inf>-negative design includes approaches of (i) a series of cryogenic separators for the recovery of approximately 65.5% of hydrogen feedstock, (ii) the evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) for reducing 35% flue gas from the furnace, (iii) the amine-based CO<inf>2</inf> capture process for pursuing the high-purity CO<inf>2</inf> product. The economic analysis of POPS shows that the process becomes economically attractive if the diesel price and crude palm oil should be around 1.98 and 0.47 $kg-1, respectively.

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