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New Design in Heritage High-Speed Rail (HSR) Stations: A Research Case Study of Balancing Conservation and Modernisation at St. Pancras International Station (London, United Kingdom)
(2026-01-01)
Hui, Yann Hin Son
This research investigates the integration of modern design within St. Pancras International Station (SPIS), a heritage High-Speed Rail (HSR) station in London, United Kingdom (UK), focusing on the balance between conservation and modernisation. The research study employs a qualitative, literature-based research methodology and a case research study analysis of SPIS to assess how modernisation efforts align with conservation principles. The literature review synthesises existing knowledge on architectural conservation, heritage adaptation, and High-Speed Rail infrastructure, identifying key research gaps in user perception, design interventions, and comparative modernisation strategies. The case research study examines the historical significance of SPIS, key architectural interventions, and their impact on accessibility, passenger experience, and sustainability. Findings reveal that the redevelopment of SPIS successfully integrates heritage preservation with modern infrastructure through strategic architectural and engineering solutions, improving passenger flow, accessibility, and operational efficiency while maintaining historical integrity. The research study highlights the role of sustainability in heritage conservation, demonstrating how adaptive reuse and energy-efficient strategies can enhance the longevity of historic rail stations. The research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing heritage conservation with modern infrastructure demands, offering insights applicable to future railway station modernisation projects.
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Species-specific detection of environmental DNA by endpoint PCR using mismatch base introducing primer design and nested PCR
(2025-04-01)
Ishii, Ryosuke
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Poti, Teeranai
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Akimitsu, Kazuya
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Narumi-Kawasaki, Takako
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Yamada, Yoshihiro
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been used effectively for species identification in aquatic macrobiological surveys. To popularize this method, a cost-effective analysis method with high sensitivity is required. In this study, we developed an eDNA detection method that is as sensitive as conventional quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), which does not require expensive equipment, and with heightened sensitivity that was achieved through mismatch-introducing primer design and nested PCR. The subject of the experiment was Micropterus nigricans (largemouth bass). Standard PCR with mismatch-free primers detected amplicons not only in M. nigricans but also in M. dolomieu and Lateolabrax japonicus. However, the mismatched primers only amplified DNA from M. nigricans and did not show amplicons for the non-target species. Endpoint PCR was less sensitive than qPCR, but it was able to specifically detect the target species in environmental samples. A similar approach was applied to the bitterling fish species, a species to which many other closely related species are known, and Acheilognathus cyanostigma eDNA was specifically detected. This eDNA analysis method is cost-effective because it is comparable in sensitivity to conventional qPCR methods and does not require expensive equipment.
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Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus)
(2010-01-01)
Dentinger, Bryn T.M.
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Ammirati, Joseph F.
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Both, Ernst E.
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Desjardin, Dennis E.
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Halling, Roy E.
Porcini (Boletus section Boletus: Boletaceae: Boletineae: Boletales) are a conspicuous group of wild, edible mushrooms characterized by fleshy fruiting bodies with a poroid hymenophore that is "stuffed" with white hyphae when young. Their reported distribution is with ectomycorrhizal plants throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Little progress has been made on the systematics of this group using modern molecular phylogenetic tools because sampling has been limited primarily to European species and the genes employed were insufficient to resolve the phylogeny. We examined the evolutionary history of porcini by using a global geographic sampling of most known species, new discoveries from little explored areas, and multiple genes. We used 78 sequences from the fast-evolving nuclear internal transcribed spacers and are able to recognize 18 reciprocally monophyletic species. To address whether or not porcini form a monophyletic group, we compiled a broadly sampled dataset of 41 taxa, including other members of the Boletineae, and used separate and combined phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and the mitochondrial ATPase subunit six gene. Contrary to previous studies, our separate and combined phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of porcini. We also report the discovery of two taxa that expand the known distribution of porcini to Australia and Thailand and have ancient phylogenetic connections to the rest of the group. A relaxed molecular clock analysis with these new taxa dates the origin of porcini to between 42 and 54 million years ago, coinciding with the initial diversification of angiosperms, during the Eocene epoch when the climate was warm and humid. These results reveal an unexpected diversity, distribution, and ancient origin of a group of commercially valuable mushrooms that may provide an economic incentive for conservation and support the hypothesis of a tropical origin of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.

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