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    A Screen Printed Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Single Drop Analysis of Hydroquinone in Cosmetic Products
    (2019-08-01)
    Duekhuntod, Wannida
    ;
    Karuwan, Chanpen
    ;
    Tuantranont, Adisorn
    ;
    Nacapricha, Duangjai
    ;
    Teerasong, Saowapak
    A graphene modified carbon paste sensor (or so-called graphene based sensor) was developed for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone. The sensor was fast fabricated using screen-printing technique. By integrating three fundamental electrodes on a single device, the sensor is small and portable. A determination is based on a one drop analysis. A 60 μ.L-drop of sample was placed onto the sensor prior to cyclic voltammetric measurement. The method relies on green analysis since it lowers the consumption of sample and waste generation. Under the optimal conditions, a linear calibration was achieved in range of 1.0 x 10<sup>-4</sup> to 5.0 x 10<sup>-3</sup> M hydroquinone. The detection limit was 7 x 10<sup>-5</sup> M, a sensitive adequate for measuring hydroquinone in cosmetic products. The sensor provided good precision (%RSD = 2.78) and accuracy (recoveries = 87-114%), with analysis times of less than a minute. The sensor was applied to determine the presence of hydroquinone in whitening creams. The results obtained from the developed sensor satisfactorily agreed with the HPLC method, indicating the reliability of the method. Due to its advantages in terms of rapidity, low-cost and portability, the device is a viable choice for on-site screening for hydroquinone contamination in whitening products.
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    Drug targeting model of composite gold-tourmaline for cells enhancing applications
    (2015-01-01)
    Yupapin, Preecha P.
    ;
    Suwandee, Senee
    The drug delivery and targeting method of gold tourmaline composite atoms generated by optical tweezers in a micro-optical device system is proposed. Gold atoms can be trapped and mixed into the tourmaline content, from which the composite gold tourmaline atoms can be formed using the optical tweezers, which can be delivered close to the desired target cells for cells healing and enhancing applications. In simulation, the optical tweezers are formed by whispering gallery (leaky) modes of light can be generated within a modified add-drop filter, which is known as a Panda ring resonator. It is a nonlinear micro optical device, from which the optical probes called optical tweezers can be generated and used for atom trapping, removing and transportation. In this paper, the optical tweezers are designed for gold tourmaline composite atom trapping, in which the trapped gold tourmaline atoms can be deposited (removed) on (from) the surface for cosmetics and cells enhancing treatment usages. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that the applied (removed) atoms to (from) the surface treatments by the designed trapping and storage device, where the device controlled switching is the key function. In application, the composite trapped gold-tourmaline atoms can be stored with the storage device. In addition, the removal trapped gold-tourmaline atoms can be removed from the treatment surface, from which the used gold atoms can be possible extracted and reused. The cells enhancing and healing applications using the tourmaline properties such as magnetic and far infrared are also plausible.