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Supramolecular electrochemical detection of bisphenol A using a melamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed electrode
(2026-06-01)
Thammaso, Supinya
;
Kamsong, Wichayaporn
;
Karuwan, Chanpen
;
Saetear, Phoonthawee
;
Detsri, Ekarat
Detection of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, requires rapid and reliable methods to ensure water safety. In the current work, we present a supramolecular electrochemical sensor based on a melamine-immobilized reduced graphene oxide-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (Mel-rGO SPE) for the determination of BPA. The sensing design exploits dual supramolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding between melamine's amine groups and BPA's hydroxyl moieties, and π–π stacking between their aromatic rings. While rGO significantly enhances electron transfer, these synergistic effects improve device sensitivity. A Mel-rGO SPE was fabricated using an ink-mixing approach to produce a uniform and robust sensor. BPA detection was performed using cyclic voltammetry, and the anodic peak potential was 0.32 V. The current response provided a good correlation with BPA concentrations in the range of 1–250 μM. The detection limit was low, 0.23 μM. The Mel-rGO SPE was successfully applied to determine BPA in polycarbonate bottled water. These promising results indicate that the developed sensor is an alternative device for rapid screening of BPA contamination of water samples.
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Microfluidic-based electrochemical sensing platforms: From classical to advanced platforms for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics
(2026-02-01)
Naorungroj, Sarida
;
Khamcharoen, Wisarut
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Yomthiangthae, Phanumas
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Traipop, Surinya
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Microfluidic sensing platforms have emerged as essential tools for addressing global needs across various sectors, including environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. These applications require devices with selective, sensitive, and portable capabilities that offer multifunctionality. This review focuses on microfluidic devices as an effective tool for environmental and clinical applications. We present the evolution of these platforms, examining their transition from classical to innovative designs and their critical roles in enabling precise measurements. Particular attention is given to various patterns featuring operational units, such as integrated valving systems for controlling fluid flow, reagent storage units, separation or delay zones, and detection units. In addition, the utilization of innovative materials, transitioning from polydimethylsiloxane-based devices to transparent film-based alternatives to overcome the limitations of traditional microfluidic systems, is covered. Here, heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms, nutrients, polyfluoroalkyl substances, and gases are presented as target analytes for environmental analysis, whereas analyses of nucleic acids, proteins, antigens, and antibiotics are demonstrated for clinical diagnostics. Future perspectives and challenges in advancing microfluidic-based sensing platforms are also discussed.
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Dip-to-detect electrochemical microfluidic device: Integrating sample collection and automated mixing for on-site detection of heavy metals
(2026-02-01)
Khamcharoen, Wisarut
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Jaewjaroenwattana, Jutamas
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Wajasen, Kwanchanok
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Naorungroj, Sarida
;
Jampasa, Sakda
Human exposure to heavy metals poses a global threat due to their harmful health and environmental effects. Standard analytical methods rely on complex operations and sophisticated instruments, making them costly, labor-intensive, and limited in on-site suitability. This work presents a “dip-to-detect” electrochemical microfluidic device that enables direct sample dipping and automated electrolyte mixing. The device is made using stacked layers of transparent and double-sided adhesive films designed to enable sequential flow control. We implement a fluid-triggered valve to allow direct dipping and store the sample solution inside the channel without leakage. The electrolyte is added to the device without fixed-volume pipetting, activating the valve for rapid mixing with the sample solution. The device is equipped with a near field communication (NFC) controlled potentiostat for the portable detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) with limits of detection of 90 ppb and 80 ppb, respectively. To validate its performance, the microfluidic device was tested with spiked industrial water samples. The device demonstrated good recovery, ranging from 102.2 % to 116.7 %. The dip-to-detect electrochemical microfluidic device eliminates the need for pipetting and manual mixing. This platform introduces a new alternative for field-deployable sensing and has the potential to inspire future designs focused on simple sample collection, automated reagent handling, and minimal user intervention.
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A Screen Printed Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Single Drop Analysis of Hydroquinone in Cosmetic Products
(2019-08-01)
Duekhuntod, Wannida
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Karuwan, Chanpen
;
Tuantranont, Adisorn
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Nacapricha, Duangjai
;
Teerasong, Saowapak
A graphene modified carbon paste sensor (or so-called graphene based sensor) was developed for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone. The sensor was fast fabricated using screen-printing technique. By integrating three fundamental electrodes on a single device, the sensor is small and portable. A determination is based on a one drop analysis. A 60 μ.L-drop of sample was placed onto the sensor prior to cyclic voltammetric measurement. The method relies on green analysis since it lowers the consumption of sample and waste generation. Under the optimal conditions, a linear calibration was achieved in range of 1.0 x 10-4 to 5.0 x 10-3 M hydroquinone. The detection limit was 7 x 10-5 M, a sensitive adequate for measuring hydroquinone in cosmetic products. The sensor provided good precision (%RSD = 2.78) and accuracy (recoveries = 87-114%), with analysis times of less than a minute. The sensor was applied to determine the presence of hydroquinone in whitening creams. The results obtained from the developed sensor satisfactorily agreed with the HPLC method, indicating the reliability of the method. Due to its advantages in terms of rapidity, low-cost and portability, the device is a viable choice for on-site screening for hydroquinone contamination in whitening products.

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