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    Enhancing antioxidant extraction efficiency from red dragon fruit peel by green approach using novel optimization technique
    (2025-01-01)
    Loan, Le Thi Kim
    ;
    Thao, Le Thi Nhu
    ;
    Vinh, Bui The
    ;
    Mansamut, Chaiyut
    ;
    Tai, Ngo Van
    This study is the first application of a combined sonication and enzyme extraction technique as green technology to recover biological compounds from the peel of red-fleshed dragon fruit, utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). The peel of dragon fruit had sonication pretreatment for 10–30 min (X<inf>1</inf>), followed by hydrolysis using 0.1 % Pectinex Ultra SP-L enzyme at temperatures ranging from 30 to 60 °C (X<inf>2</inf>) for a duration of 60–120 min (X<inf>3</inf>). The Box-Behnken design was employed to structure the experiment. The levels of polyphenol, betacyanin, and antioxidant activity in the extract were utilized to assess the efficacy of the extraction method. The research demonstrated a substantial enhancement in efficiency by the application of ultrasound pretreatment during the enzymatic hydrolysis of dragon fruit peel. The study identified the ideal parameters for the extraction process using the ANN-GA approach, which include an ultrasonic duration of 27.5 min, an enzyme incubation temperature of 47.1 °C, and an enzyme incubation duration of 135.1 min. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited a total phenolic content of 165.34 mg GAE/g peel weight, betacyanin content of 131.87 mg/100 g peel weight, and an antioxidant activity of 0.92 mg TE/100 g by using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The research demonstrated that dual treatment enhances the extraction process of chemicals from by-products, particularly dragon fruit peel. The study established a foundation for future research on the utilization and integration of effective extraction technologies to enhance the quality of extracts for use in the food sector.
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    Lactic acid bacteria and enzyme production in silage of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
    (2017-02-01)
    Wichai, Suphalucksana
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    Two different isolates of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum H5-M13F and Pediococcus pentosaceus Ac2-M13F were confirmed by morphological and phylogenic identification. H5-M13F was rod shaped, gram positive, negative for gas production and catalase activity, homofermentative, and grew at 10 – 45 C, pH 3.5 – 9.6, and 1.0 – 10 % NaCl<inf>2</inf>. Isolate Ac2- M13F was coccus shaped, gram positive, negative for gas production and catalase activity, homofermentative, and grew at 10 – 45 C, pH 3.5 – 9.6, and 1.0 – 6.5 % NaCl<inf>2</inf>. Amplification of the ITS regions from isolates H5-M13F and Ac2-M13F were confirmed by using Primer OPA-3. The phylogenetic tree from PAUP analysis indicated that isolate H5-M13F clustered with Lactobacillus sp. and isolate Ac2-M13F with Pediococcus sp. Phylogenetic analysis and dendrograms revealed no relationship between the two groups. It was found that isolate H5-M13F mostly isolated from silages (87.59%) while isolate Ac2-M13F was found at a low incidence in silages (3.19%). Lactobacillus plantarum H5-M13F and Pediococcus pentosaceus Ac2-M13F from silage of guinea grass showed the ability to produce extracellular degradative enzymes. Pediococcus pentosaceus Ac2- M13F produced amylase and protease and Lactobacillus plantarum H5-M13F produced protease.