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Bioactive compounds-rich Gac peel powder: Optimization of extraction and foam-mat drying conditions
(2025-12-01)
Thuy, Nguyen Minh
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Tien, Vo Quoc
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Giau, Tran Ngoc
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Van Hao, Hong
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Minh, Vo Quang
Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) is a healthy fruit and has long been used as food and medicine. During fruit processing, the peel is often discarded as waste. However, Gac fruit peel contains a significant amount of carotenoids. This study encapsulates bioactive compounds extracted from dried Gac peels using egg albumin (EA) and xanthan gum (XG) as foaming agents and stabilizers in foam-mat drying at different temperature. The extraction process (in ethanol 60 %) was assisted by ultrasound (40 kHz, 350 W) with solvent: Gac peel ratios of 30/1–40/1, extraction temperature and time of 45–55 °C and 25–55 min, respectively. EA (9.2–15.2 %) and XG (0.1–0.38 %) were used as foaming agent and foam stabilizer, respectively, with different foam-mat drying temperatures (65–75 °C). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD), 3 factors - 3 levels was used to optimize the independent variables to capture the maximum level of dependent variables. The optimal extraction conditions were determined (solvent/Gac peel ratio of 36.26/1, temperature of 51.38°C and time of 43.39 min) for the extract containing high levels of lycopene 292.04 μg/g, β-carotene (515.72 μg/g) and total polyphenols (3.86 mg GAE/g). The extract was used to produce powder by foam-mat drying. EA, XG and drying temperature significantly affected the drying rate and powder quality. The optimum concentrations of EA and XG were determined to be 13.13 % and 0.3 %, respectively, at an optimum drying temperature of 72.4°C. Under these conditions, the highest drying rate (2.41 g water/g dry matter/min) was achieved to produce powder containing the with highest content of lycopene, β-carotene and total polyphenol contents, 83.42 µg/g, 97.68 µg/g and 1.09 mg GAE/g, respectively. The physical and chemical properties of foam-mat dried Gac peel powder were also investigated. Making good use of byproducts from fruit processing will help local communities and businesses while also ensuring the goal of a circular economy, contributing to long-term socioeconomic growth and enhancing public health, at least in the region and around the world.
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Enhancing antioxidant extraction efficiency from red dragon fruit peel by green approach using novel optimization technique
(2025-01-01)
Loan, Le Thi Kim
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Thao, Le Thi Nhu
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Vinh, Bui The
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Mansamut, Chaiyut
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Tai, Ngo Van
This study is the first application of a combined sonication and enzyme extraction technique as green technology to recover biological compounds from the peel of red-fleshed dragon fruit, utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). The peel of dragon fruit had sonication pretreatment for 10–30 min (X<inf>1</inf>), followed by hydrolysis using 0.1 % Pectinex Ultra SP-L enzyme at temperatures ranging from 30 to 60 °C (X<inf>2</inf>) for a duration of 60–120 min (X<inf>3</inf>). The Box-Behnken design was employed to structure the experiment. The levels of polyphenol, betacyanin, and antioxidant activity in the extract were utilized to assess the efficacy of the extraction method. The research demonstrated a substantial enhancement in efficiency by the application of ultrasound pretreatment during the enzymatic hydrolysis of dragon fruit peel. The study identified the ideal parameters for the extraction process using the ANN-GA approach, which include an ultrasonic duration of 27.5 min, an enzyme incubation temperature of 47.1 °C, and an enzyme incubation duration of 135.1 min. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited a total phenolic content of 165.34 mg GAE/g peel weight, betacyanin content of 131.87 mg/100 g peel weight, and an antioxidant activity of 0.92 mg TE/100 g by using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. The research demonstrated that dual treatment enhances the extraction process of chemicals from by-products, particularly dragon fruit peel. The study established a foundation for future research on the utilization and integration of effective extraction technologies to enhance the quality of extracts for use in the food sector.
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Pressurized hot water extraction of crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, and phenolic compounds from dried gray oyster mushroom
(2022-10-01)
Sakdasri, Winatta
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Arnutpongchai, Panisara
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Phonsavat, Supasuta
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Bumrungthaichaichan, Eakarach
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Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature (100 °C–140 °C), pressure (0.4–1.0 MPa), and extraction time (20–60 min) on the extraction yield of crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, and total phenolic compounds with pressurized hot water extraction of gray oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer). The extraction conditions were optimized by maximizing all responses, using a central composite design (CCD)-based response surface methodology. Temperature mainly affected the increase in the extracted yield and phenolic content. However, exceeded temperature and extraction time negatively affected the β-glucan yield. The optimal extraction conditions were at 140 °C, 0.92 MPa, and 40 min with a corresponding extraction yield of 3.20 ± 0.17 g/100 g, as well as β-glucan and total phenolic contents of 43.84 ± 3.86 mg/100 g and 8.49 ± 0.66 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried extract, respectively. The antioxidant activities of extracts were estimated by in vitro biological assays. The SC<inf>50</inf> values of DPPH, NO, and ABTS assays were 1.66 ± 0.02, 1.50 ± 0.19, and 6.94 ± 1.04 mg/mL, respectively. This work demonstrates an alternative approach to valorize over-produced mushrooms.
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Combination of mechanical and chemical extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis and its properties of microencapsulation
(2021-05-01)
Pan-utai, Wanida
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Boonpok, Sirinapa
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Pornpukdeewattana, Soisuda
Astaxanthin is a red pigment that is naturally produced by the freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Cell wall thickness of red cyst aplanospores is a barrier for extraction. Astaxanthin extraction from H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 was improved by ultrasonic assistance techniques with various conditions of solvent, extraction time and cycles of extraction to generate maximum recovery. Highest astaxanthin content and extraction yield were obtained using ethyl acetate under ultrasonic treatment for 25 min with five repeated extraction cycles. Encapsulation of astaxanthin was studied at different conditions. Ratio of maltodextrin and gum Arabic at 7.5:2.5 was most suitable for astaxanthin microencapsulation. Increased encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin powder is suitable for food, pharmaceutical and other natural astaxanthin applications from H. pluvialis.
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Effect of subcritical solvent extraction conditions on amount of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol in dawk pa-yom rice bran oil
(2021-01-01)
Ruen-Ngam, Duangkamol
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Thawai, Chitti
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Sukonthamat, Sujitra
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Khuwaranyu, Kittisak
This research focused on the subcritical solvent extraction of phytochemicals γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol from upland rice bran (Dawk Pa-yom variety, DY). Subcritical solvent extraction was conducted using a batch reactor. The temperature was varied in range from 80 to 120°C for 20 to 60 min. The solvents in use were ethanol, methanol, and water. γ-Oryzanol and γ-tocopherol were simultaneously analyzed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was determined by a DPPH radical assay. Methanol was able to extract a higher level of γ-tocopherol than ethanol and water. Extraction by methanol gave higher antioxidant activity than ethanol. Even though water could not extract γ-oryzanol, it was able to extract substances with higher yield of antioxidant activity than either methanol and ethanol. Increasing the extraction temperature increased the oil yield, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol paralleled increase antioxidant activity. During the extraction process, some degradation of antioxidants was observed, and this showed the importance of kinetics parameters in this research.
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Pretreatment to increase yield and antioxidant activity of aγ-oryzanol in rice bran oil
(2016-04-01)
Ruen-Ngama, Duangkamol
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Thawaia, Chitti
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Sukonthamutb, Sujitra
Six pretreatment processes to extract oil from Khao Dok Mali 105 rice bran were tested to assess the effect of the processes on the ã-oryzanol content and DPPH scavenging activity of the extract. The pretreatment processes consisted of the following: microwave heating (60-110 ° C), hot air heating (70-180 ° C), roasting (60-80 ° C), parboiling (70 ° C), autoclaving (121 ° C), and enzyme (amylase) treatment (50 ° C). The highest amount of oil was obtained by hot air heating (70 ° C) of 0.27 g/g of dried rice bran, whereas the highest ã-oryzanol yield was obtained by parboiling 9.8 mg/g of dried rice bran. The highest ã-oryzanol concentration obtained with a roasting pretreatment (60 ° C) was 46.9 mg/ml of rice bran oil.
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Arsenic removal from natural gas condensate using a pulsed sieve plate column and mass transfer efficiency
(2012-02-01)
Chaturabul, Srestha
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Wannachod, Pharannalak
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Rojanasiraprapa, Bongkotch
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Summakasipong, Supat
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn W.
This work applied a pulsed sieve plate column in conjunction with liquid-liquid extraction technique to remove arsenic from natural gas condensate. The relevant parameters, that is the type and concentration of the extractant, pulse velocity, volumetric-flow rate ratio of the condensate to the extractant, operating time, and extraction cycle were investigated. Mass transfer efficiency in terms of the overall height of transfer unit (HTU <inf>oy</inf>cm) and the interfacial area (m 2/m 3) were calculated. The highest percentage of arsenic removal in this study was 94% corresponding to the calculated HTU <inf>oy</inf> of 26 cm and the calculated interfacial area of 118 m 2/m 3 at the optimum conditions: the mixture of the extractant (1 M hydrochloric acid and 20% (v/v) methanol), pulse velocity of 20 mm/s, and volumetric-flow rate ratio of the condensate to the extractant of 1:4. By using continuous operation in the cycle mode, the percentages of arsenic removal were observed at 94, 85, and 80 from the respective 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cycles. The operation was based on the condition that fresh feed was introduced in each cycle while the extractant was reused. © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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A reaction flux model for extraction of Cu(ii) with LIX84i in HFSLM
(2011-09-01)
Pancharoen, Ura
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Wongsawa, Thidarut
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn W.
Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) is a favorable method to extract both valuable compounds and heavy metal pollutants such as chromium, copper, and nickel at a very low concentration. In this work, the extraction of Cu(II) by LIX84I dissolved in kerosene was theoretically and experimentally investigated. A model to estimate the percentage of extraction of copper ions from synthetic water considering the effect of reaction flux in membrane phase of the HFSLM system was studied. H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> solution was used as the stripping solution. The facilitated transport mechanism of the chemical reaction at the feed-membrane interface was taken into account in the model equations. The percentage of copper ion extraction was plotted against its initial concentration in feed and also feed flow rate. Subsequently, the separation time and separation cycle were determined in accordance with the simulated values of copper ion concentration and the feed flow rate from the model. The modeled results were in good agreement with the experimental data at the average percentage of deviation about 2%. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Oxidative extraction of thiophene from n-dodecane over TS-1 in continuous process: A model for non-severe sulfur removal from liquid fuels
(2009-10-10)
Napanang, Thasaneeya
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Sooknoi, Tawan
Liquid phase oxidation of thiophene in dodecane and subsequently extraction of the oxidized product into a polar solvent were studied in continuous process, as a model for selective removal of sulfur-containing compounds from liquid hydrocarbons under a non-severe condition. Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) and 30% of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> were used as catalyst and oxidizing agent, respectively. The reactions were carried out at room temperature and 60 °C at atmospheric pressure. TS-1 was synthesized, calcined at 550 °C and characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, SEM, BET and FT-IR. The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR, ∼150 ml) was used for the oxidative extraction in the continuous process. Thiophene (1000, 3000 ppm) in dodecane and H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> (1.5 %w) in methanol were fed (10-25 ml/h) by a peristaltic pump into the CSTR (150 ml) containing TS-1 (1.0 and 1.8 g). The use of TS-1 catalyst significantly improves rate of thiophene removal as the oxidized products SO<inf>4</inf>- species) can be transferred to the solvent, readily faster than the simple thiophene extraction. The reaction using methanol as a solvent showed a higher efficiency of thiophene removal, as compared to that using acetonitrile, acetic acid and water, respectively. The oxidation activity was increased when the solvent/oil ratio was increased. Increasing amounts of catalyst and decreasing feeding rate lead to an increase in oxidative extraction of thiophene. The deactivation of the catalyst is due to the titanium leaching and this can be improved when the calcinations temperature was raised. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Efficient transport and selective extraction of Cr(VI) from waste pickling solution of the stainless steel-cold rolled plate process using Aliquat 336 via HFSLM
(2009-05-01)
Usapein, Parnuwat
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn W.
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Ramakul, Prakorn
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Pancharoen, Ura
The selective extraction of Cr(VI) from waste pickling solution of the stainless steel-cold rolled plate process by hydrophobic hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) was investigated. The effects of various parameters- types of organic extractants, i.e., metyl trioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336), tri-n-octylamine (TOA), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and the mixture of Aliquat 336 and TBP, concentration of the selected extractant, types of stripping solutions (NaCl and NaOH), pH and concentration of the selected stripping solution, and the operating temperature-were studied. The feed and stripping solutions flowed countercurrently. The results showed that the coexisting contamination in spent pickling solution of Fe(II) and Ni(II) ions had no significant effect on Cr(VI) extraction. Among the extractants used in this study, Aliquat 336 was a specific carrier to attain the highest percentage of Cr(VI) extraction. About 70% extraction was achieved by using 0.11 M Aliquat 336 and 0.5 M NaCl at pH 7. The percentage of stripping slightly increased when the concentration of NaCl increased. In addition, it was found that the operating temperature of 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C had almost no influence on the percentages of extraction and stripping of Cr(VI). The calculated diffusion energy of Cr(VI) extraction was 15.14 kJ/mol. © 2009 Springer.

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