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Subject: search.filters.subject.Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)

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    Biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil using NaOH-treated activated carbon and pyrolytic char of used tires as catalysts
    (2025-03-01)
    Chana, Khulanuttha
    ;
    Chen, Bing Hung
    ;
    Na-Ranong, Duangkamol
    Biodiesel produced from catalyzed transesterification of palm oil with methanol using NaOH-treated carbonaceous catalysts was studied and reported. Particularly, effect of the carbonaceous support, i.e. activated carbon (AC) and pyrolytic char of end-of-life used tire (TPC), on the yield of biodiesel was investigated. The resultant yield of biodiesel near 98.5 % could be attained from transesterification reactions conducted with a catalyst loading at 5 wt% of palm oil initially used, under a molar ratio of methanol/oil at 21/1, at 65°C and 180 min for reaction temperature and time. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction could be fitted satisfactorily with the pseudo first-order model. The Arrhenius behavior was observed from the temperature-dependent rate constants, leading to an activation energy at 111.2 kJ/mol if AC-supporting catalyst was used. Both AC and TPC-supporting catalysts could produce biodiesel with a yield greater than 90 % even after the fourth cycles of catalyzed transesterification reactions. Notably, the feasibility in the upcycling of TPC as catalyst support was demonstrated in this work.
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    Process and energy intensification of glycerol carbonate production from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate in the presence of eggshell-derived cao heterogeneous catalyst
    (2021-07-02)
    Praikaew, Wanichaya
    ;
    Kiatkittipong, Worapon
    ;
    Aiouache, Farid
    ;
    Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna
    ;
    Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan
    The process and energy intensifications for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using an eggshell-derived CaO heterogeneous catalyst were investigated. The transesterification reaction between glycerol and DMC was typically limited by mass transfer because of the immiscible nature of the reactants. By varying the stirring speed, it was observed that the mass transfer limitation could be neglected at 800 rpm. The presence of the CaO solid catalyst made the mass transport-limited reaction process more prominent. Mass transfer intensification using a simple kitchen countertop blender as an alternative to overcome the external mass transfer limitation of a typical magnetic stirrer was demonstrated. A lower amount of the catalyst and a shorter reaction time were required to achieve 93% glycerol conversion or 91% GC yield, and the turnover frequency (TOF) increased almost 5 times from 1.5 to 7.2 min<sup>−1</sup> when using a conventional magnetic stirrer and countertop blender, respectively. In addition, using a simple kitchen countertop blender with 7200 rpm, the reaction temperature of 60<sup>◦</sup>C could be reached within approximately 3 min without the need of a heating unit. This was the result of the self-frictional heat generated by the high-shear blender. This was considered to be heat transfer intensification, as heat was generated locally (in situ), offering a higher homogeneity distribution. Meanwhile, the trend toward energy intensification was promising as the yield efficiency increased from 0.064 to 2.391 g/kJ. A comparison among other process intensification techniques, e.g., microwave reactor, ultrasonic reactor, and reactive distillation was also rationalized.
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    Epoxidation of methyl oleate in a TiO2 coated-wall capillary microreactor
    (2017-01-01)
    Phimsen, Songphon
    ;
    Yamada, Hiroshi
    ;
    Tagawa, Tomohiko
    ;
    Kiatkittipong, Worapon
    ;
    Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
    In the present work, a catalytic coated-wall microreactor was developed and tested for producing epoxidized methyl oleate in a solvent-free system. TiO<inf>2</inf>was coated inside the microcapillary reactor wall by a static method, while H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as oxidant and stabilizer, respectively. The weight percent of oxirane oxygen was determined according to ASTM D1652 and the reaction performance was evaluated as oxirane oxygen yield and selectivity. Without TiO<inf>2</inf>coated catalyst or formic acid, trace oxirane yield were obtained. Without EDTA as stabilizer, decomposition of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>occurred as bubbles formation causing system operation failure. The results indicated that TiO<inf>2</inf>coated catalyst as well as the presences of EDTA and formic acid were crucial for epoxidation reaction, and oxirane yield of 43.1% could be achieved at the optimal reaction temperature of 60 °C and residence time of 2.7 min. The results were compared with the data obtained from a batch reactor. Microcapillary reactor offers continuous operation with 23 times higher reaction rate of epoxide production than batch reactor. However, TiO<inf>2</inf>coated layer was partially peeled off over 3 h lead to decrease in epoxide yield.