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Subject: search.filters.subject.Heterogeneous catalyst

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    Biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil using NaOH-treated activated carbon and pyrolytic char of used tires as catalysts
    (2025-03-01)
    Chana, Khulanuttha
    ;
    Chen, Bing Hung
    ;
    Na-Ranong, Duangkamol
    Biodiesel produced from catalyzed transesterification of palm oil with methanol using NaOH-treated carbonaceous catalysts was studied and reported. Particularly, effect of the carbonaceous support, i.e. activated carbon (AC) and pyrolytic char of end-of-life used tire (TPC), on the yield of biodiesel was investigated. The resultant yield of biodiesel near 98.5 % could be attained from transesterification reactions conducted with a catalyst loading at 5 wt% of palm oil initially used, under a molar ratio of methanol/oil at 21/1, at 65°C and 180 min for reaction temperature and time. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction could be fitted satisfactorily with the pseudo first-order model. The Arrhenius behavior was observed from the temperature-dependent rate constants, leading to an activation energy at 111.2 kJ/mol if AC-supporting catalyst was used. Both AC and TPC-supporting catalysts could produce biodiesel with a yield greater than 90 % even after the fourth cycles of catalyzed transesterification reactions. Notably, the feasibility in the upcycling of TPC as catalyst support was demonstrated in this work.
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    Conversion of palm oil into biodiesel production with heterogeneous catalyst derived from spent coffee grounds ash: Process optimization through response surface methodology
    (2021-01-01)
    Jitjamnong, Jakkrapong
    ;
    Numwong, Natthida
    ;
    Chuaykarn, Narinphop
    ;
    Direksilp, Chatrawee
    ;
    Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee
    In the present study, the calcination of spent coffee grounds (SCG) supporting potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate (K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf>) was used as a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst to convert palm oil to fatty acid methyl ester. The response surface method based on Box Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the biodiesel yield. The prepared catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. EDS analysis of the synthesis catalyst exhibited the presence of active potassium species for high catalytic activity. The 30K/SCG–600 catalysts exhibited the highest catalytic activity and were rich in K that formed a basic heterogeneous catalyst and the highest total basicity. The effects of catalyst loading (4.5–5.5 wt.%), methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1–12:1), and reaction time (60–120 min) on the transesterification were investigated. The results showed that the predicted optimum response for biodiesel yield from RSM was 97.01%, which could be obtained using methanol: oil molar ratio of 6.68:1, catalyst loading of 4.94 wt.%, and reaction time at 82.42 min. The actual biodiesel conversion of 97.08% was achieved under the predicted optimal conditions. The results of various statistics employed with high R<sup>2</sup> (95.07%) and R<sup>2</sup>adj (88.73%) values indicated that the predicted and actual biodiesel yield was accurate and reliable.
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    Optimizing Decolorization Efficiency of Methylene Blue by Photo-Fenton Process over Fe-Diatomite using Central Composite Design
    (2018-01-01)
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Champa, Varocha
    ;
    Kitchaiya, Prakob
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    The methylene blue was degraded by photo-fenton over Fe-diatomite prepared by dry impregnation method. The characterizations of catalyst were studied by XRD, XRF and BET surface area. The photo-fenton reaction conditions were studied as parameters of the H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> concentration, the amount of Fe-diatomite, the initial concentration of methylene blue and the initial pH of solution, which were designed by central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) to accomplish the optimal condition. The results showed that the optimum condition was at the initial H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> concentration of 116 mg/L, the Fe-diatomite of 1 g/L, the initial MB concentration of 200 mg/L and the pH of 5.8. It could predict the decolorization value of 100% and reduce the total organic carbon (TOC) to 72.3%. Finally, the validation was tested in 5 runs at the optimization about 99.2 ± 0.2% which implied that the regression model is in a good agreement.
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